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山口県萩市 |
JR Higashi-Hagi Station (JR東萩駅) Shoin-jinjya Shrine (松陰神社) Bunnoshin Tamaki Old Residence (玉木文之進旧宅) Shoin Yoshida Birthplace (吉田松陰誕生地) Shoin Memorial Cemetery (松陰記念墓園) Hirobumi Ito Old House (伊藤博文旧宅) Oshokujidokoro Waraji (御食事処 わらじ) Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace (高杉晋作誕生地) Statue of Shinsaku Takasugi Making a High Resolve (高杉晋作立志像) Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple (金毘羅社 円政寺) Takayoshi Kido Birthplace (木戸孝允/桂小五郎誕生地) Hagi Christian Martyrs' Memorial Park (萩キリシタン殉教者記念公園) The site of Meirin-kan School (明倫館跡地) |
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JR Higashi-Hagi Station (JR東萩駅) is located at 2997-3 Ohirotsu, Chintou, Hagi City (萩市大字椿東字大広津2997-3). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) JR Higashi-Hagi Station, 2997-3 Ohirotsu, Chintou, Hagi City | ||
Shoin-jinjya Shrine (松陰神社), Hagi is located at 1537 Chintou, Hagi City (萩市大字椿東1537). It enshrines Yoshida-Norikata-no-mikoto (吉田矩方命; 吉田寅次郎藤原矩方命). It was founded in 1907 (明治40年) with supports of Hirobumi Ito (伊藤博文) and Yasushi Nomura (野村靖).
Shoin Yoshida (吉田 松陰, September 20, 1830 - November 21, 1859) was one of the most distinguished intellectuals in the closing days of the Tokugawa Shogunate. He devoted himself to developing many Ishin Shishi who made an outstanding contribution to the Meiji Restoration. Born in Choshu Domain (長州藩) to a samurai family (杉家), at age five this child prodigy began to study tactics, at age eight he attended college, at age nine he taught in college, and at age ten he impressed the Mori daimyo family (毛利大名家) with a military lecture he had delivered. Apprehensive of their ways, Yoshida tried to learn the ways of the West. Matthew Perry visited Japan in 1853 and 1854. Shortly before Perry left, Yoshida and a friend went to Shimoda where Perry's 'black ships' were anchored, and tried to gain admittance. They first presented a letter asking to be let aboard one of his ships. In the dead of night Yoshida tried to secretly climb aboard. Perry's troops noticed them, and they were refused. Shortly thereafter, they were caged by Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) troops. Even in a cage, they managed to smuggle a written message to Perry. Shoin Yoshida was sent to a jail in Edo, then to one in Hagi where he was sentenced to house arrest. Yoshida had never introduced himself to Perry, who never learned his name. While in jail, he ran a school. After his release, he took over his uncle's tiny private school, Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾) to teach the youth military arts and politics. Forbidden from travelling, he had his students travel Japan as investigators. The cave where Yoshida hid overnight before trying to board a 'black ship' (黒船; a Western steamship). By 1858 Naosuke Ii (井伊直弼), the bakufu Tairo who signed treaties with the Western powers, began to round up sonno-joi (尊王攘夷; "Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians") rebels in Kyoto, Edo, and eventually the provinces. Many of Shoin Yoshida's followers were caught up in the dragnet. That year Shoin Yoshida put down the brush and took up the sword. When Naosuke Ii sent a servant to (unsuccessfully) ask the emperor to support one of his treaties with the foreigners, Shoin Yoshida led a revolt, calling on ronin (浪人; masterless samurais) to aid him, but received very little support. Nonetheless, he and a small band of students attacked and attempted to kill Ii's servant in Kyoto. The revolt failed, and Yoshida Shoin was again imprisoned in Choshu. The next year, Choshu was ordered to send its most dangerous insurgents to Edo's prisons. Once there, Shoin Yoshida confessed the assassination plot, and from jail, continued to plot the rebellion. He did not expect to be executed until the Tokugawa executed three of his friends. When it was Yoshida's turn, he was composed - his executioner said he died a noble death. He was 29 years old. At least two of his students, Shinsaku Takasugi (高杉晋作) and Hirobumi Ito (伊藤博文) later became famous, and virtually all of the survivors of the Shoka-son-juku group became officers in the Meiji Restoration. Takasugi led rifle companies against the shogun's army when it failed to conquer Choshu in 1864, rapidly leading to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府). Hirobumi Ito became Japan's first prime minister. Shoin Yoshida is now enshrined at Shoin-jinjya at 4-35-1 Wakabayashi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo (東京都世田谷区若林4丁目35-1), as well as in his birth place Hagi in Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県萩市椿東1537). "To consider oneself different from ordinary people is wrong, but it is right to hope that one will not remain like ordinary people" (I cannot identify the original Japanese source!). (Referred to the site of "Wikipedia") I guess that Shoin was such a crazy thinker and honest educator that he could attract students and inspire them (even long after his death) to go the distance where they believe that it would be good for people and the State as he actually did, and died for what he did with ambitions. So I visited this shrine to learn something important from his life and thoughts. |
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(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: the stone monument indicating the place of the starting point of the Meiji Restration. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: The picture of Akiyoshi Yamada (山田 顕義) (left) and Shoin Yoshida (吉田松陰) (right). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: the restored Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: the restored Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾) | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: the restored Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: the restored Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: A portrait of Shoin Yoshida, the restored Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾) | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: A statue of Shoin Yoshida, the restored Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾) | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: the portrait of the students of the Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾) | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: The old Sugi family's house where Shoin Yoshida was placed in confinement (吉田松陰幽囚ノ旧杉家宅). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City: The old Sugi family's house where Shoin Yoshida was placed in confinement (吉田松陰幽囚ノ旧杉家宅). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Inner Gate to Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Worshippers' Hall (拝殿) of Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Worshippers' Hall (拝殿) of Shoin-jinjya Shrine, 1537 Chintou, Hagi City | ||
Bunnoshin Tamaki Old Residence (玉木文之進旧宅) is located 500m east or behind Shoin-jinjya Shrine at Chintou, Hagi City (萩市大字椿東). Bunnoshin Tamaki (1810-1876) was an uncle of Shoin Yoshida and in 1840 founded the original Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾) in 1840. In 1848 (嘉永元年) he had to demolish the school owing to the pressure of official duties. In 1855 (安政2年) Shoin succeeded the school. In 1864 (文治元年) Maresuke Nogi (乃木希典), a sixteen-year-old boy of Tamaki's relative, boarded here and studied under Tamaki's supervision. As Nogi remembered later that Tamaki's teaching method was very strict and practical. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Bunnoshin Tamaki Old Residence, Chintou, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Bunnoshin Tamaki Old Residence, Chintou, Hagi City | ||
Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple (護国山東光寺) is located at 1647 Chintou, Hagi City (萩市椿東1647). it was founded by the 3rd Choshu Mori lord Yoshinari Mori (毛利吉就, 1668-1694) in 1691 (元禄4年). It belongs to the Obaku-shu (黄檗宗) sect of Zen Buddhism. It is a family temple of the Mori clan. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the So-mon Gate (総門). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the San-mon Gate (山門). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the main hall called the Daioho-den (大雄宝殿) (b. 1698). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the precious "Onigawara" (鬼瓦: a tile with the figure of a devil) of the Daioho-den (b. 1698). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the precious "Onigawara" (鬼瓦: a tile with the figure of a devil) of the Daioho-den (b. 1698) | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the Graveyard of the Mori clan | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the Graveyard of the Mori clan | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the Graveyard of the Mori clan | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the Graveyard of the Mori clan | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Gokoku-san Toko-ji Temple, 1647 Chintou, Hagi City: the Graveyard of the Mori clan: the impressive angry turtle base stone heading for the Edo-jo Castle (江戸城) | ||
Shoin Yoshida Birthplace (吉田松陰誕生地) is located at 1-758-0011 Shiihara, Hagi City (萩市椎原の1 758-0011). He was born here as the 2nd son (虎之助) of a lower-ranked samurai Yurinosuke Sugi (杉百合之助). At the age of 6 he was adopted to his uncle Daisuke Yoshida (吉田大助) who soon died suddenly: Shoin (then Daijiro; 大次郎) will have to succeed to the Yoshida house and become a lecturer of military science (兵学師範) of the han [domain] school Meirin-kan (藩校明倫館). it was his another uncle Bunnoshin Tamake (玉木文之進) who educated him. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Yoshida Birthplace, 1-758-0011 Shiihara, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Yoshida Birthplace, 1-758-0011 Shiihara, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Yoshida Birthplace, 1-758-0011 Shiihara, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Yoshida Birthplace, 1-758-0011 Shiihara, Hagi City: the Statues of Shoin Yoshida and Jyusuke Kaneko (吉田松陰と金子重輔の像) | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Hagi City: the Statues of Shoin Yoshida and Naosuke Kaneko (吉田松陰と金子重輔の像) heading for America [Commodore M. C. Perry's US Navy ship] in January 1854 (嘉永7年): Observe their never-say-die attitudes and remember their fates! | ||
Shoin Memorial Cemetery (松陰記念墓園) is located at Shiihara, Chintou, Hagi City (萩市椿東椎原). The real grave of Shoin Yoshida is now located at Shoin-jinjya Shrine (松蔭神社), 4-35-1 Wakabayashi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo (東京都世田谷区若林4丁目35-1). (The original site was at Hokoku-san Eko-in Temple [豊国山回向院/南千住回向院/小塚原回向院], 5-33-13 Minami-Senjyu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo [東京都荒川区南千住五丁目33番13号].) This is the memorial graveyard for Shoin and his followers. It is close to his birthplace (see above). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Memorial Cemetery, Shiihara, Chintou, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Memorial Cemetery, Shiihara, Chintou, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Memorial Cemetery, Shiihara, Chintou, Hagi City: The graves of the Yoshida family. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Memorial Cemetery, Shiihara, Chintou, Hagi City: The grave of Shoin Yoshida. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Memorial Cemetery, Shiihara, Chintou, Hagi City: The grave of Bunnoshin Tamaki. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Memorial Cemetery, Shiihara, Chintou, Hagi City: The graves of Shinsaku Takasugi. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shoin Memorial Cemetery, Shiihara, Chintou, Hagi City: The graves of Shinsaku Takasugi. | ||
Hirobumi Ito Old House (伊藤博文旧宅) is located at Chintou, Hagi City (萩市椿東). He live here from 1854 (安政元年). His villa, originally built in Tokyo in 1907 (明治40年), moved to next door. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Hirobumi Ito Old House, Chintou, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Hirobumi Ito Old House, Chintou, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Hirobumi Ito Old House, Chintou, Hagi City: the Statue of Hirobumi Ito. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Hirobumi Ito Old House, Chintou, Hagi City: the Statue of Hirobumi Ito. | ||
Oshokujidokoro Waraji (御食事処 わらじ) is located at 1-4 Gofuku-machi, Hagi City (萩市呉服町1丁目4). | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Oshokujidokoro Waraji, 1-4 Gofuku-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Oshokujidokoro Waraji, 1-4 Gofuku-machi, Hagi City: My lunch (とらふく雑炊; rice gruel with tiger puffer) | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Oshokujidokoro Waraji, 1-4 Gofuku-machi, Hagi City: My lunch (とらふく雑炊; rice gruel with tiger puffer) | ||
Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace (高杉晋作誕生地) is located at 23 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City (萩市南古萩町23).
Shinsaku Takasugi (高杉 晋作, 27 September 1839 - 17 May 1867) was a samurai from the Choshu Domain (長州藩) of Japan who contributed significantly to the Meiji Restoration (明治維新). Takasugi was born in the castle town Hagi, the capital of the feudal domain of Choshu (present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture) as the son of Kochuta Takasugi (高杉小忠太), a middle-ranked samurai of the domain, and his wife Michi (みち). Takasugi joined the Shoka-son-juku (松下村塾), the famous private school of Shoin Yoshida (吉田松陰). Takasugi devoted himself to the modernization of Choshu's military, and became a favorite student of Yoshida. In 1858, he entered the Shoheizaka Gakumon-jo (昌平坂学問所; a Confucius school under direct control of the Shogun at Edo), but in 1859 returned home by the clan's command. Takasugi - in spite of his young age - was an influential factor within Choshu as one of the most extreme advocates of a policy of seclusion and expelling the foreigners from Japan. Takasugi was implicated in the 12 December 1862 attack on the British legation in Edo. (Referred to the site of "Wikipedia") |
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(Tuesday 13 March) Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace, 23 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace, 23 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace, 23 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace, 23 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace, 23 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace, 23 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Shinsaku Takasugi Birthplace, 23 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City: A picture of Shinsaku Takasugi. | ||
Statue of Shinsaku Takasugi Making a High Resolve (高杉晋作立志像) stands at Shinsaku Square (晋作広場), Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City (萩市南古萩町): 2 minutes' walk from his birthplace. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Statue of Shinsaku Takasugi Making a High Resolve, Shinsaku Square, Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Statue of Shinsaku Takasugi Making a High Resolve, Shinsaku Square, Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple (金毘羅社 円政寺) is located at 6 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City (萩市南古萩町6). It is a shrine and temple of the Shingon-shu-Mimuro-ha (真言宗御室派) sect of Buddhism. It is a mixed temple of Buddhism and Shinto based on the identification of Buddhist figures as Shinto deities. This is a rare example after the Edict for Separation of Shinto and Buddhism (神仏分離令) in 1868 (明治元年). This is the place where Shiinsaku Takasugi and Hirobumi Ito played and studied as young boys. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple, 6 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple, 6 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple, 6 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City: Behold the unique structure of the shrine gate! | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple, 6 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple, 6 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple, 6 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City: the Worshippers' Hall of Kompira-sha Shrine. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Kompira-sha Ensei-ji Temple, 6 Minamifuruhagi-machi, Hagi City: the Worshippers' Hall of Kompira-sha Shrine. | ||
Takayoshi Kido Birthplace (木戸孝允/桂小五郎誕生地) is located at 2 Gofuku-machi, Hagi City (萩市大字呉服町2丁目).
Kido Takayoshi (木戸 孝允, August 11, 1833 - May 26, 1877), also referred as Koin Kido was a Japanese statesman during the Late Tokugawa Shogunate and the Meiji Restoration (明治維新). He used the alias Niibori Matsusuke (新堀 松輔) when he worked against the Shogun. Kido was born in Hagi, in Choshu Domain (present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture) as the latest son of Wada Masakage (和田 昌景), a samurai physician. He was adopted into the Katsura family at age seven, and until 1865 was known as Kogoro Katsura (桂 小五郎). He was educated at the academy of Shoin Yoshida (吉田松陰), from whom he adopted the philosophy of Imperial loyalism. In 1852, he went to Edo to study swordsmanship, established ties with radical samurai from Mito domain (水戸藩), learned artillery techniques with Tarozaemon Hidetatsu Egawa (江川太郎左衛門英龍), and (after observing the construction of foreign ships in Nagasaki and Shimoda), returned to Choshu to supervise the construction of the domain's first western-style warship. (Referred to the site of "Wikipedia") |
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(Tuesday 13 March) Takayoshi Kido Birthplace, 2 Gofuku-machi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Takayoshi Kido Birthplace, 2 Gofuku-machi, Hagi City | ||
Hagi Christian Martyrs' Memorial Park (萩キリシタン殉教者記念公園) is located at 1-3 Horiuchi, Hagi City (萩市堀内1区の3).
Soon after Japan reopened its door to the West in 1854, Missions Etrangeres de Paris (パリ外国宣教会) came to Japan and found many crypto-Christians in Urakami Village (浦上村), Nagasaki. Even after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the new Japanese Government did not allow the freedom of religion. So they regarded the discovered crypto-Christians as the targets of punishment and sent them to some unfamiliar places to be convinced to apostatize Christianity. In 1868, 66 crypto-Christians were sent here from Urakami, Nagasaki. 63 out of the 66 apostatized. In 1869, 134 Christians were sent here from Urakami and the majority did not abandon their faith. 43 Christians died until the rest were finally allowed to go back to Urakami in 1873 (明治6年). Father Villion (ビリヨン神父) of Missions Etrangeres de Paris bought this land in 1891 (明治24年) and built a monument for the martyrs. See also the "Juan Goto and Crypto-Christians" page, the Nagasaki City page and the Tsuwano Town page. |
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(Tuesday 13 March) Signboard of Hagi Christian Martyrs' Memorial Park, 1-3 Horiuchi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 Hagi Christian Martyrs' Memorial Park, 1-3 Horiuchi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Hagi Christian Martyrs' Memorial Park, 1-3 Horiuchi, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) Hagi Christian Martyrs' Memorial Park, 1-3 Horiuchi, Hagi City | ||
The site of Meirin-kan School (明倫館) is located within Meirin Elementary School (明倫小学校) at 602 Emukai, Hagi City (萩市江向602番地). This is the place where many people who has done meritorious service for the Meiji Restoration studied as young boys. | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) The site of Meirin-kan School (Meirin Elementary School), 602 Emukai, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) The site of Meirin-kan School (Meirin Elementary School), 602 Emukai, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) The site of Meirin-kan School (Meirin Elementary School), 602 Emukai, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) The site of Meirin-kan School (Meirin Elementary School), 602 Emukai, Hagi City | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) The site of Meirin-kan School (Meirin Elementary School), 602 Emukai, Hagi City: The original gate of the old school | ||
(Tuesday 13 March) The site of Meirin-kan School (Meirin Elementary School), 602 Emukai, Hagi City: The fencing-hall where Ryoma Sakamoto (坂本龍馬) practiced. |