Meanwhile, Joyce had quitted his flat in the Square Robiac, and in the course of his endless peregrinations had gone to London to arrange his remarriage. I visited him there and found him living at this time in a dark and uncomfortable flat in Cam[p]den Grove in Kensington, a place which he nicknamed 'Cam[p]den Grave.' But after a few months he left it to return to Paris to a place in the Avenue St. Philibert. But what with his increasing troubles now added to by the news of his father's death in Dublin, which he took very badly, the stage now began to darken for him so that he composed a new tragic but not unhumorous calendar of the weekdays starting with -- 'Moansday, Tearsday, Wailsday, Thumpsday, Frightday, Shatterday.'
(Quoted from Arthur Power, The Joyce We Knew: Memoirs of Joyce (Ed. Ulick O'Connor, The Mercier Press, 1967/Dingle, Co. Kerry, Brandon, 2004), p.108)
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George Augustus Moore (24 February 1852 - 21 January 1933) was an Irish novelist, short-story writer, poet, art critic, memoirist and dramatist. Moore came from a Roman Catholic landed family who lived in Moore Hall, near Lough Carra, County Mayo. He originally wanted to be a painter, and studied art in Paris during the 1870s. There, he befriended many of the leading French artists and writers of the day. As a naturalistic writer, he was amongst the first English-language authors to absorb the lessons of the French realists, and was particularly influenced by the works of Emile Zola. His writings influenced James Joyce, according to the literary critic and biographer Richard Ellmann, and, although Moore's work is sometimes seen as outside the mainstream of both Irish and British literature, he is as often regarded as the first great modern Irish novelist.
Moore published two books of prose fiction set in Ireland between 1901 and 1911 when he returned to Ireland; a second book of short stories, The Untilled Field (1903) and a novel, The Lake (1905). The Untilled Field deal with themes of clerical interference in the daily lives of the Irish peasantry, and of the issue of emigration. The stories were originally written for translation into Irish, in order to serve as models for other writers working in the language. Three of the translations were published in the New Ireland Review, but publication was then paused due to a perceived anti-clerical sentiment. In 1902 the entire collection was translated by Tadhg O Donnchadha and Padraig O Suilleabhain, and published in a parallel-text edition by the Gaelic League as An-tUr-Ghort. Moore later revised the texts for the English edition. These stories were influenced by Turgenev's A Sportsman's Sketches, a book recommended to Moore by W.K. Magee. Magee was a sub-librarian of the National Library of Ireland, and had earlier suggested that Moore "was best suited to become Ireland's Turgenev." The tales are recognised by some as representing the birth of the Irish short story as a literary genre. They can further be viewed as forerunners of Joyce's Dubliners collection, which is concerned with similarly quotidian themes, although in an urban setting. In 1903, following a disagreement with his brother Maurice over the religious upbringing of his nephews, Moore declared himself to be Protestant. His conversion was announced in a letter to the Irish Times newspaper. Moore remained in Dublin until 1911. In 1914, he published a gossipy, three-volume memoir of his time there under the collective title Hail and Farewell, which entertained its readers but infuriated former friends. Moore himself said of these memoirs, "Dublin is now divided into two sets; one half is afraid it will be in the book, and the other is afraid that it won't."
Moore returned to London, where, with the exception of frequent trips to France, he was to spend the rest of his life. In 1913, he travelled to Jerusalem to research for his next novel The Brook Kerith (1916). This book saw Moore once again embroiled in controversy, as it was based on the supposition that a non-divine Christ did not die on the cross but instead was nursed back to health. In The Brook Kerith, Jesus eventually travelled to India to find wisdom. Other books from this period include a further collection of short-stories called A Storyteller's Holiday (1918), a collection of essays called Conversations in Ebury Street (1924) and a play, The Making of an Immortal (1927). Moore also spent considerable time revising and preparing his earlier writings for a uniform edition. Partly due to Maurice Moore's pro-treaty activity, Moore Hall was burnt by anti-treaty forces in 1923, during the final months of the Irish Civil War. Moore eventually received compensation of ￡7,000 from the government of the Irish Free State. By this time George and Maurice had become estranged, mainly because of an unflattering portrait of the latter which appeared in Hail and Farewell. Tension also arose as a result of Maurice's active support of the Roman Catholic Church, to whom he frequently made donations from estate funds. Moore later sold a large part of the estate to the Irish Land Commission for ￡25,000. Moore was friendly with many members of the expatriate artistic communities in London and Paris, and conducted a long-lasting affair with Lady Maud Cunard. Moore took a special interest in the education of Maud's daughter, the well-known publisher and art patron, Nancy Cunard, and it has been suggested that Moore, rather than Maud's husband, Sir Bache Cunard, was Nancy's father. Gertrude Stein mentions Moore in her The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933), describing him as 'a very prosperous Mellon's Food baby'.
Moore's last novel, Aphroditis in Aulis, was published in 1930. He contracted uraemia and died at his home at Ebury Street in the London district of Pimlico. When he died, he left a fortune of ?80,000, none of which was left to his brother. He was cremated in London and an urn containing his ashes was interred on Castle Island in Lough Carra in view of the ruins of Moore Hall. (Extracted from the site of "Wikipedia")
There are some descriptions about George Moore in Joyce's works:
Meanwhile, what of the artists? It is equally unsafe at present to say of Mr. Yeats that he has or has not genius. In aim and form The Wind among the Reeds is poetry of the highest order, and The Adoration of the Magi (a story which one of the great Russians might have written) shows what Mr. Yeats can do when he breaks with the half-gods. But an aesthete has a floating will, and Mr. Yeats's treacherous instinct of adaptability must be blamed for his recent association with a platform from which even self-respect should have urged him to refrain. Mr. Martyn and Mr. Moore are not writers of much originality. Mr. Martyn, disabled as he is by an incorrigible style, has none of the fierce, hysterical power of Strindberg, whom he suggests at times; and with him one is conscious of a lack of breadth and distinction which outweighs the nobility of certain passages. Mr. Moore, however, has wonderful mimetic ability, and some years ago his books might have entitled him to the place of honour among English novelists. But though Vain Fortune (perhaps one should add some of Esther Waters) is fine, original work, Mr. Moore is really struggling in the backwash of that tide which has advanced from Flaubert through Jakobsen to D'Annunzio: for two entire eras lie between Madame Bovary and Il Fuoco.It is plain from Celibates and the later novels that Mr. Moore is beginning to draw upon his literary account, and the quest of a new impulse may explain his recent startling conversion. Converts are in the movement now, and Mr. Moore and his island have been fitly admired. But however frankly Mr. Moore may misquote Pater and Turgenieff to defend himself, his new impulse has no kind of relation to the future of art. (CW p.71)
(Published in St. Stephen, v.1, no. 6 (May 1902)
His writings, which have never been collected and which are unknown, except for two American editions of selected poems and some pages of prose, published by Duffy, show no order and sometimes very little thought. Many of his essays are pretty fooling when read once, but one cannot but discern some fierce energy beneath the banter, which follows up the phrases with no good intent, and there is a likeness between the desperate writer, himself the victim of too dexterous torture, and the contorted writing. Mangan, it must be remembered, wrote with no native literary tradition to guide him, and for a public which cared for matters of the day, and for poetry only so far as it might illustrate these. He could not often revise what he wrote, and he has often striven with Moore and Walsh on their own ground. But the best of what he has written makes its appeal surely, because it was conceived by the imagination which he called, I think, the mother of things, whose dream are we, who imageth us to herself, and to ourselves, and imageth herself in us--the power before whose breath the mind in creation is (to use Shelley's image) as a fading coal. Though even in the best of Mangan the presence of alien emotions is sometimes felt the presence of an imaginative personality reflecting the light of imaginative beauty is more vividly felt. (CW p.78)
(Translated from the 1907 Italian lecture)
Even today, despite her heavy obstacles, Ireland is making her contribution to English art and thought. That the Irish are really the unbalanced, helpless idiots about whom we read in the lead articles of the Standard and the Morning Post is denied by the names of the three greatest translators in English literature -- FitzGerald, translator of the Rubaiyat of the Persian poet Omar Khayyam, Burton, translator of the Arabian masterpieces, and Cary, the classic translator of the Divine Comedy, It is also denied by the names of other Irishmen -- Arthur Sullivan, the dean of modern English music, Edward O'Connor, founder of Chartism, the novelist George Moore, an intellectual oasis in the Sahara of the false spiritualistic, Messianic, and detective writings whose name is legion in England, by the names of two Dubliners, the paradoxical and iconoclastic writer of comedy, George Bernard Shaw, and the too well known Oscar Wilde, son of a revolutionary poetess . (CW p.171)
09.1100. Buck Mulligan flaunted his slip and panama.
09.1101. --Monsieur Moore, he said, lecturer on French letters to the youth of
09.1102. Ireland. I'll be there. Come, Kinch, the bards must drink. Can you walk
09.1103. straight?
14.0495. lands) Mal. Mulligan a gentleman's gentleman that had but come from Mr
14.0496. Moore's the writer's (that was a papish but is now, folk say, a good
14.0497. Williamite) chanced against Alec. Bannon in a cut bob (which are now in
14.0498. with dance cloaks of Kendal green) that was new got to town from
14.0499. Mullingar with the stage where his coz and Mal M's brother will stay a
14.0500. month yet till Saint Swithin and asks what in the earth he does there, he
14.0501. bound home and he to Andrew Horne's being stayed for to crush a cup of
14.0502. wine, so he said, but would tell him of a skittish heifer, big of her age and
14.0503. beef to the heel, and all this while poured with rain and so both together on
14.0504. to Horne's. There Leop. Bloom of Crawford's journal sitting snug with a
14.0779. my friend Monsieur Moore, that most accomplished traveller (I have just
14.0780. cracked a half bottle avec lui in a circle of the best wits of the town),
14.0781. is my authority that in Cape Horn, ventre biche, they have a rain that will wet
14.0782. through any, even the stoutest cloak. A drenching of that violence, he tells
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London Victoria Station is one of the London terminal railway stations James Joyce frequently used.
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Euston station, also known as London Euston, is a major railway station to the north of central London in the London Borough of Camden and is the sixth busiest rail terminal in London (by entries and exits). It is one of 18 British railway stations managed by Network Rail, and is the southern terminus of the West Coast Main Line. Euston is the main rail gateway from London to the West Midlands, the North West, North Wales and Scotland. (Referred to the site of "Wikipedia") It is connected to Euston tube station and near Euston Square tube station of the London Underground. These stations are in Travelcard Zone 1.
The famous anecdote tells that when Joyce left Dublin for Paris in 1902 W.B. Yeats kindly met the young exile early in the morning in Euston station and later gave him some help.
Since then Joyce seems to have stopped at this station to stay at the "Euston Hotel, London." He came here 17 August - 18 September 1922, September - 5 October 1924, April 1927 and 17 August - 21 September 1929. However, it is again very difficult to identify where Joyce stayed as numerous hotels run around the station now.
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The palace contains around 1,100 rooms, 100 staircases and 5 kilometers (3 mi) of corridors. Although the building mainly dates from the 19th century, remaining elements of the original historic buildings include Westminster Hall, used today for major public ceremonial events such as lyings in state, and the Jewel Tower. Control of the Palace of Westminster and its precincts was for centuries exercised by the Queen's representative, the Lord Great Chamberlain. By agreement with the Crown, control passed to the two Houses in 1965. Certain ceremonial rooms continue to be controlled by the Lord Great Chamberlain.
After a fire in 1834, the present Houses of Parliament were built over the next 30 years. They were the work of the architect Sir Charles Barry (1795 - 1860) and his assistant Augustus Welby Pugin (1812 1852). The design incorporated Westminster Hall and the remains of St Stephen's Chapel. (Quoted from the site of "Wikipedia")
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Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north-eastern end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. Big Ben is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. It celebrated its 150th anniversary in May 2009 (the clock itself first ticking on 31 May), during which celebratory events took place. The nearest London Underground station is Westminster on the Circle, District and Jubilee lines. (Extracted from the site of "Wikipedia")
Cf. Ben Dollard is called Big Ben in Ulysses because he has a base barreltone and legs like barrels:
08.0117. Still, I don't know. She used to say Ben Dollard had a base barreltone
08.0118. voice. He has legs like barrels and you'd think he was singing into a barrel.
08.0119. Now, isn't that wit. They used to call him big Ben. Not half as witty as
08.0120. calling him base barreltone. Appetite like an albatross. Get outside of a
08.0121. baron of beef. Powerful man he was at stowing away number one Bass.
08.0122. Barrel of Bass. See? It all works out.
(See U 08.0839, 11.0800, 11.0959, 11.1070, 11.1154, 11.1272 and 15.2614.)
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Madame Tussauds is a wax museum in London with branches in a number of major cities. It was set up by wax sculptor Marie Tussaud. It was formerly spelt "Madame Tussaud's," but the apostrophe is no longer used. Marie Tussaud, born Anna Maria Grosholtz (1761-1850) was born in Strasbourg, France. Tussaud created her first wax figure, of Voltaire, in 1777. Other famous people she modelled at that time include Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Benjamin Franklin. During the French Revolution she modelled many prominent victims.
In 1795, she married Francois Tussaud. They had two children, Joseph and Francois. In 1802, Marie Tussaud went to London together with Joseph, then four years old, her other son staying behind. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars, she was unable to return to France, so she traveled with her collection throughout Great Britain and Ireland. In 1821 or 1822, her other son, Francois, joined her. In 1835, she established her first permanent exhibition in Baker Street, on the "Baker Street Bazaar." In 1838, she wrote her memoirs. In 1842, she made a self-portrait which is now on display at the entrance of her museum. Some of the sculptures done by Tussaud herself still exist. She died in her sleep in London on 16 April 1850. She was eighty-eight years old. There is a memorial tablet to Madame Marie Tussaud on the right side of the nave of St. Mary's, Cadogan Street, London.
Madame Tussaud's wax museum has now grown to become one of the major tourist attractions in London, and has expanded with branches in Amsterdam, Hong Kong (Victoria Peak), Las Vegas, Shanghai, Berlin, Washington D.C., New York City, and Hollywood. The current owner is Merlin Entertainments Group, a company owned by Blackstone Investment Group LP. (Cited from the site of "Wikipedia")
During the 1931 stay James and Nora Joyce came here, accompanied by Nora's sister Kathleen.
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Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who first appeared in publication in 1887. He is the creation of British author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930). A brilliant London-based "consulting detective," Holmes is famous for his intellectual prowess and is renowned for his skillful use of astute observation, deductive reasoning and inference to solve difficult cases.
The famous Scottish writer Conan Doyle (born 22 May, 1859, Edinburgh, Scotland - died 7 July, 1930, Crowborough, Sussex, England) wrote four novels and fifty-six short stories that feature Holmes. The first two stories (short novels) appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887 and Lippincott's Monthly Magazine in 1890, respectively. The character grew tremendously in popularity with the beginning of the first series of short stories in The Strand Magazine in 1891; further series of short stories and two serialised novels appeared until 1927. The stories cover a period from around 1875 up to 1907, with a final case in 1914.
All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson, two are narrated by Holmes himself and two others are written in the third person. In two stories ("The Musgrave Ritual" and "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott"), Holmes tells Watson the main story from his memories, whereas Watson becomes the narrator of the frame story.
Conan Doyle said that the character of Holmes was inspired by Dr. Joseph Bell, for whom Doyle had worked as a clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Like Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing large conclusions from the smallest observations. Michael Harrison argued in a 1971 article in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine that the character was inspired by Wendell Scherer, a "consulting detective" in a murder case that allegedly received a great deal of newspaper attention in England in 1882. (Quoted from the site of "Wikipedia")
There are some descriptions about Sherlock Holmes and Arthur Conan Doyle in Joyce's works:
15.1841. (Bloom walks on a net, covers his left eye with his left ear, passes
15.1842. through several walls, climbs Nelson's Pillar, hangs from the top
15.1843. ledge by his eyelids, eats twelve dozen oysters (shells included),
15.1844. heals several sufferers from king's evil, contracts his face so as to
15.1845. resemble many historical personages, Lord Beaconsfield, Lord
15.1846. Byron, Wat Tyler, Moses of Egypt, Moses Maimonides, Moses
15.1847. Mendelssohn, Henry Irving, Rip van Winkle, Kossuth, Jean Jacques
15.1848. Rousseau, Baron Leopold Rothschild, Robinson Crusoe, Sherlock
15.1849. Holmes, Pasteur, turns each foot simultaneously in different
15.1850. directions, bids the tide turn back, eclipses the sun by extending his
15.1851. little finger.)
16.0830. He had been meantime taking stock of the individual in front of him
16.0831. and Sherlockholmesing him up ever since he clapped eyes on him. Though
16.0832. a wellpreserved man of no little stamina, if a trifle prone to baldness, there
16.0833. was something spurious in the cut of his jib that suggested a jail delivery
16.0834. and it required no violent stretch of imagination to associate such a
16.0835. weirdlooking specimen with the oakum and treadmill fraternity. He might
16.0836. even have done for his man supposing it was his own case he told, as people
16.0837. often did about others, namely, that he killed him himself and had served
16.0838. his four or five goodlooking years in durance vile to say nothing of the
16.0839. Antonio personage (no relation to the dramatic personage of identical name
16.0840. who sprang from the pen of our national poet) who expiated his crimes in
17.1361. Catalogue these books [of LB's two bookshelves].
17.1375. The Stark-Munro Letters* by A. Conan Doyle, property of the City of
17.1376. Dublin Public Library, 106 Capel street, lent 21 May (Whitsun Eve)
17.1377. 1904, due 4 June 1904, 13 days overdue (black cloth binding, bearing
17.1378. white letternumber ticket).
*As you know, The Stark-Munro Letters (1886) is a non-Holmes book: it is a semi-autobiographical novel, which reflects Doyle's medical education and experiences as well as The Firm of Girdlestone (1890).
276.60 (*F3*): 2My goldfashioned bother near drave me roven mad and I dyeing to
276.61 (*F4*): keep my linefree face like readymaid maryangs for jollycomes smashing
276.62 (*F5*): Holmes.
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In Authur Conan Doyle's serial fictions, Sherlock holmes and Doctor Watson lived at 221B Baker Street from about 1881 - 1904. Apartment 221B was on the first floor of a lodging house, the landlady of which was a Mrs. Hudson. There were 17 steps from the ground floor hallway to the first floor study which Holmes and Watson shared. Holmes' bedroom was at the rear adjoining the study.
The Museum building was registered as a lodging house from 1860 - 1934 and therefore represents an authentic lodging house of the period. Ther house was built in 1815 and is listed Grade 2 of special architectural and historical interest by Her Majesty's Government. (Quoted from the official pamphlet)
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Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower), is a historic fortress and scheduled monument in central London, England, on the north bank of the River Thames. It is located within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and is separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It is the oldest building used by the British government.
The Tower of London is often identified with the White Tower, the original stark square fortress built by William the Conqueror in 1078. However, the tower as a whole is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. The tower's primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison (particularly for high status and royal prisoners, such as the Princes in the Tower and the future Queen Elizabeth I). This last use has led to the phrase "sent to the Tower" (meaning "imprisoned"). It has also served as a place of execution and torture, an armoury, a treasury, a zoo, the Royal Mint, a public records office, an observatory, and since 1303, the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. (Quoted from the site of "Wikipedia")
During the 1931 stay James and Nora Joyce came here, accompanied by Nora's sister Kathleen.
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Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. It has become an iconic symbol of London.
The bridge consists of two towers that are tied together at the upper level by means of two horizontal walkways which are designed to withstand the horizontal forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the land-ward sides of the towers. The vertical component of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. Its present colour dates from 1977 when it was painted red, white and blue for the Queen's Silver Jubilee. Originally it was painted a chocolate brown colour.
Tower Bridge is sometimes mistakenly referred to as London Bridge, which is actually the next bridge upstream. A popular urban legend is that in 1968, Robert McCulloch, the purchaser of the old London Bridge that was later shipped to Lake Havasu City, Arizona, believed that he was in fact buying Tower Bridge. This was denied by McCulloch himself and has been debunked by Ivan Luckin, the seller of the bridge. (Quoted form the site of "Wikipedia")
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The name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth's Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square." The northern area of the square had been the site of the King's Mews since the time of Edward I, while the southern end was the original Charing Cross, where the Strand from the City met Whitehall, coming north from Westminster. As the midpoint between these twin cities, Charing Cross is to this day considered the heart of London, from which all distances are measured.
In the 1820s the Prince Regent engaged the landscape architect John Nash to redevelop the area. Nash cleared the square as part of his Charing Cross Improvement Scheme. The present architecture of the square is due to Sir Charles Barry and was completed in 1845. (Quoted from the site of "Wikipedia")
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The column was built between 1840 and 1843 to commemorate Admiral Horatio Nelson's death at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The 5.5 m (18 ft) statue of Nelson stands on top of a 46 m (151 ft) Foggintor granite column. The statue faces south looking towards the Admiralty, with the Mall on his right flank, where Nelson's ships are represented on the top of each flagpole. The top of the Corinthian column (based on one from the Temple of Mars Ultor in Rome) is decorated with bronze acanthus leaves cast from British cannon. The square pedestal is decorated with four bronze panels, cast from captured French guns, depicting Nelson's four great victories.
The monument was designed by architect William Railton in 1838, and built by the firm Peto & Grissell. Railton's original 1:22-scale stone model is exhibited at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London. The sandstone statue at the top was sculpted by E.H. Baily, a member of the Royal Academy; a small bronze plaque crediting him is at the base of the statue. The four bronze panels around the pedestal were undertaken by the sculptors Musgrave Watson, John Ternouth, William F Woodington, and John Edward Carew. The entire monument was built at a cost of 47,500 pounds, or 3.5 million pounds in 2004 terms (roughly $6.1 million US). The four lions, by Sir Edwin Landseer, at the column's base were added after much delay in 1867. In 1925 a Scottish confidence trickster, Arthur Furguson, "sold" the landmark to an unknowing American (who also "sold" Big Ben and Buckingham Palace.)
The Column also had some symbolic importance to Adolf Hitler. If Hitler's plan to invade Britain, Operation Sealion, had been successful, he planned to move the Column to Berlin. (Quoted from the site of "Wikipedia")
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North side of the plinth, depicting the Death of Nelson, by John Edward Carew.
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East face of the plinth, depicting the Battle of Cape St Vincent by Musgrave Watson.
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One of Sir Edwin Landseer's Lions guarding the outside diagonals of Nelson's Column.
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The National Gallery in London, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square. The gallery is a non-departmental public body; its collection belongs to the public of the United Kingdom and entry to the main collection (though not some special exhibitions) is free of charge.
Unlike comparable art museums such as the Louvre in Paris or the Museo del Prado in Madrid, the National Gallery was not formed by nationalising an existing royal or princely art collection. It came into being when the British government bought 36 paintings from the banker John Julius Angerstein in 1824. After that initial purchase the Gallery was shaped mainly by its early directors, notably Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, and by private donations, which comprise two thirds of the collection. The resulting collection is small in size, compared with many European national galleries, but encyclopaedic in scope; most major developments in Western painting "from Giotto to Cezanne" are represented with important works. It used to be claimed that this was one of the few national galleries that had all its works on permanent exhibition, but this is no longer the case.
The present building, the third to house the National Gallery, was designed by William Wilkins from 1832-1838. Only the facade onto Trafalgar Square remains essentially unchanged from this time, as the building has been expanded piecemeal throughout its history. The building often came under fire for its perceived aesthetic deficiencies and lack of space; the latter problem led to the establishment of the Tate Gallery for British art in 1897. The Sainsbury Wing, an extension to the west by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, is a notable example of Postmodernist architecture in Britain. The current Director of the National Gallery is Nicholas Penny.(Quoted form the site of "Wikipedia")
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Charles John Huffam Dickens FRSA (7 February 1812 - 9 June 1870), pen-name "Boz," was the most popular English novelist of the Victorian era and one of the most popular of all time. He created some of literature's most memorable characters. His novels and short stories have never gone out of print. A concern with what he saw as the pressing need for social reform is a theme that runs throughout his work.
Much of his work first appeared in periodicals and magazines in serialised form, a favoured way of publishing fiction at the time. Other writers of the time would complete entire novels before serial publication commenced, but Dickens often wrote his in parts, in the order in which they were meant to appear. The practice lent his stories a particular rhythm, punctuated by one cliffhanger after another to keep the public eager for the next installment. Critics and fellow-novelists such as George Gissing and G. K. Chesterton have applauded Dickens for his mastery of prose, and for his teeming gallery of unique characters, many of whom have acquired iconic status in the English-speaking world. Others such as Henry James and Virginia Woolf have accused him of sentimentality and implausibility.(Quoted from the site of "Wikipedia")
There are some descriptions about Charles Dickens in Joyce's works:
The suburban mind is not invariably beautiful, and its working is here delineated with unsentimental vigour. Perhaps the unctuousness of old Borlase is somewhat overstated, and the landladies may be reminiscent of Dickens. In spite of its "double circle" plot, "Borlase and Son" has much original merit, and the story, a little slender starveling of a story, is told very neatly and often very humorously. For the rest, the binding of the book is as ugly as one could reasonably expect. (CW pp. 139-40)
And so on. A day or two afterwards Stephen gave his mother a few of the plays to read. She read them with great interest and found Nora Helmer a charming character. Dr Stockmann she admired but her admiration was naturally checked by her son's light-heartedly blasphemous description of that stout burgher as 'Jesus in a frock-coat.' But the play which she preferred to all others was the Wild Duck. Of it she spoke readily and on her own initiative: it had moved her deeply. Stephen, to escape a charge of hot-headedness and partizanship, did not encourage her to an open record of her feelings.
--I hope you're not going to mention Little Nell in the Old Curiosity Shop.
--Of course I like Dickens too but I can see a great difference between Little Nell and that poor little creature -- what is her name? . . .
--Hedvig Ekdal?
--Hedvig, yes ... It's so sad: it's terrible to read it even . . . I quite agree with you that Ibsen is a wonderful writer.
--Really?
--Yes, really. His plays have impressed me very much.
--Do you think he is immoral?
--Of course, you know, Stephen, he treats of subjects . . . of which I know very little myself . . . subjects .(SH XIX, p.86)
18.0143. have one yes when I lit the lamp because he must have come 3 or 4 times
18.0144. with that tremendous big red brute of a thing he has I thought the vein or
18.0145. whatever the dickens they call it was going to burst though his nose is not
18.0146. so big after I took off all my things with the blinds down after my hours
18.0147. dressing and perfuming and combing it like iron or some kind of a thick
18.0148. crowbar standing all the time he must have eaten oysters I think a few
18.1129. let me up out of this pooh sweets of sin whoever suggested that business for
18.1130. women what between clothes and cooking and children this damned old
18.1131. bed too jingling like the dickens I suppose they could hear us away over the
18.1132. other side of the park till I suggested to put the quilt on the floor with the
18.1133. pillow under my bottom I wonder is it nicer in the day I think it is easy I
157.23: about his ens to heed her) but it was all mild's vapour moist. Not
157.24: even her feignt reflection, Nuvoluccia, could they toke their
157.25: gnoses off for their minds with intrepifide fate and bungless
157.26: curiasity, were conclaved with Heliogobbleus and Commodus
157.27: and Enobarbarus and whatever the coordinal dickens they did
157.28: as their damprauch of papyrs and buchstubs said. As if that was
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