Eishiro Ito
Introduction
"In the buginning is the woid" (FW378.29)
This passage is a Joycean allusion to
"In the beginning was the Word"(KJV, John 1.1). The protagonist of
Finnegans
Wake, Earwicker, was named after the earwig, that is, a "bug," and
the "woid" was a portmanteau word of "void" and "word." The passage
seems to be an advance announcement of "The Ondt and the Gracehoper" (FW
III, 1; 414.14-419.10).
"The Ondt and the Gracehoper" first
appeared in transition, vol.12, March 1928. The key to this
episode is doubtlessly the multi-lingual names of "bugs" scattered in this
chapter. This chapter is, as the name proves, based on one of the
most famous Aesop's fables, "The Ant and the Grasshopper"(North European
version).
But the most important fact is that there
are numerous allusions to The Egyptian Book of the Dead. It
is a collection of texts that the ancient Egyptian scribes composed for
the benefit of the dead?words of power and prayers. They were carved
or painted on walls of pyramids and tombs, and painted on coffins and rolls
of papyri. The scarab beetle, or "dung beetle," is depicted in the
form of the rising sun, and his seat is in the boat of the Sun-god.
He is the god of matter that is on the point of passing from inertness
into life, and also of the dead body from which a spiritual and glorified
body is about to burst forth.
There are many allusions to the
scarab beetle, not only in this chapter, but also in other chapters.
Like HCE for Earwicker, he is an image of Shem. In this chapter,
Shem becomes the Gracehoper as Joyce, while his brother Shaun becomes the
Ondt as Joyce's brother, Stanislaus. Wyndham Lewis, Joyce's friend
and later enemy, criticized Ulysses as a "time-book." Joyce,
using the Aesop's fable and allusions to The Book of the Dead, refuted
Lewis's criticism, especially in the phrase, "But, Holy Saltmartin, why
can't you beat time?"(FW419.08). It also reminds us of the
10th provision of the Proclamation of transition, "TIME IS A TYRANNY TO
BE ABOLISHED." This paper aims to examine the bug references in relation
to The Book of the Dead and the background of the text composition.
I. "Bug of the Deaf"
In Joyce's version of Aesop's fable "the
Ant and the Grasshopper," the Ondt=Shaun cunningly stores money and food
while the Gracehoper=Shem always sings gaily about his arts without working.
But the Gracehoper comes to ask the Ondt for some food or money when winter
comes and he cannot earn his living. The Ondt refuses his wish, and
then the Gracehoper begins to sing a song putting the blame on him.
The postscript moral of the original Aesop's fable, "Similarly, in times
of abundance we should plan ahead lest we suffer distress when times change,"
is not to be found here. The Gracehoper's behavior is rather ludicrous:
the way he asks to borrow some money from the Ondt sounds very arrogant.
As many scholars have already pointed out, "ant" spelled "Ondt," means
"evil" in Danish, is an anagram of "Don't," and is close to "aandt" which
means "spirit," "breath" and "intellect" in Danish. The word "Gracehoper"
is of course a mimic word of "grasshopper," which is also related to Joyce's
short story "Grace." It has been suggested that the major part of
the Ondt's character owes to Joyce's brother Stanislaus as well as Wyndham
Lewis. It is agreed that the Gracehoper is Joyce himself.
There are two types of academic terms
inserted very intentionally; multi-lingual European insects' names, and
the Egyptian gods, whose main source would probably be The Book of the
Dead.1 Joyce inserted them as he inserted numerous rivers'
names in the Anna Livia chapter(FWI.8), or interpolated the roads'
names of various countries in FWIII.4.
Joyce wrote a letter to Harriet Shaw Weaver
dated March 26, 1928, in which he tried to explain "the Ondt and the Gracehoper"
chapter, making notes to convince her.2 His notes include various
things, seemingly rambling and incoherent. But he explains the chapter,
particularly on FW414.22-415.14, 415.25-31, 416.03-19, 416.21-30,
417.02-23, 417.24-418.01, focusing on the numerous European names of insects.
28 entries of the 74 items are related to insects' names: 34 entries (almost
half of them) include entomological terms. The fact proves how important
the insects' names were for this chapter, especially when Joyce was composing
it.
It is believed that Joyce referred to
the La Fountaine edition of Aesop's Fables in which the story is
titled "The Cicada and the Ants" (no.336).3 The reason Joyce employed
"grasshopper" or the Gracehoper is probably to add some Danish implications
to the chapter, as well as the Ondt. In fact, almost no cicadas inhabit
North Europe, so the word "cicada" was changed into "grasshopper" in North
European editions.4 A similar fable, "The Ant and the Scarab Beetle"
appears in the Penguin edition of Aesop's Fables (no.241). The scarab
beetle or dung beetle was a sacred insect in ancient Egypt and appears
in other Aesop's fables, for instance, "The Eagle and the Scarab Beetle"(no.
4) and "The Two Scarab Beetles" (no.149). Joyce must have noticed
this, and he put "cicada"(FW416.25), "scarab"(FW415.25) and
"beetle"(FW417.04) in the text.
There are some more entomological terms
derived from other sources in this chapter, as we see in Roland McHugh's
Annotations
to "Finnegans Wake" which includes numerous entomological notes.5
McHugh is not a scholar of English literature but an entomologist, so he
was able to make such a large number of entomological annotations.
McHugh probably transcribed those multi-lingual insects' names from Adaline
Glasheen's Census and Clive Hart's "His Good Smetterling of Entymology"
which summarizes Fritz Senn's "Insects Appalling" of Twelve and a Tilly
in order to make notes.6 Especially after FW414.25, many
insects' names appear, like Floh（Ger. flea）, Luse(Ger. or Dan. louse),
Vespatilla(wasp), etc. Joyce also included many other terms from
natural history in some languages with a strong bias towards bees and butterflies.
Living in the countryside of Japan, we
often see the neighborhood children carrying insect nets and cages, going
to catch beetles, grasshoppers and other insects in summer time.
So it was quite surprising to me when I heard from my American and British
friends that they seldom see children with insect-catching tools in their
countries. For Japanese people, the sight and sound of insects is
comforting. Sei Shonagon noted in her Pillow Book (c.1000)
appealing insects include "The bell insect and the pine cricket; the grasshopper
and the common cricket; the butterfly and the shrimp insect; the mayfly
and the firefly."7 She went on to say "The snap-beetle also impresses
me... Sometimes one suddenly hears the snap-beetle tapping away in a dark
place, and this is rather pleasant"(70). Only the fly is described
in a negative way(70). But insects, however, seems to have less positive
associations for Western people. France, where Joyce wrote Finnegans
Wake, does not have many words related to insects except academic terms,
most of them are very ambiguous in definition even now. Daizaburo
Okumoto points out that such state of things is reflected in the saying,
"God created the world and the devil created insects."8 No stories
like Aesop's Fables featuring insects were made in France.
Jean Henri Fabre's Souvenirs entomologiques (1879-1907), which is
very popular among the Japanese school children, is a peculiar exception
in France. Some Japanese readers may hope that "fable" in the phrase
"Jacko and Esaup, fable one" (FW414.17) should be spelled "fabre"
after the name of Fabre, although Joyce employed the normal English spelling.
In this entomological chapter, however, as in the phrase "these mouschical
umsummables" (FW417.09; or "these musical ensembles") the insects'
singing is in harmony like wonderful music.
Aesop's Fables is a collection
of fables told by Aesop (? -564 BC), a man who seems to have been captured
and made a slave. The fables were written down by Demetrius of Phalerum
in late 4 BC (approximately a hundred of them), because Aesop left nothing
in book-form.9 If it were not for the efforts of Demetrius, most
of the Aesop's fables known to us would certainly have been lost.
The main characteristic of the fables is that some animals or insects appear
in the short fables with the morals at the end. The morals are often
silly and inferior in wit and interest to the fables themselves.
Some of the morals are truly appalling, even idiotic because they were
added later by collectors of the fables.10 A few of the fables
seem to have Egyptian elements. A clear example is "The Eagle and
the Scarab Beetle" (no.4) which is actually a jumbled mixture of the sacred
Egyptian tradition, as we will see later. In Finnegans Wake,
also featuring many animals and insects, the fables alluded to expand the
images and become much more complex. The Joycean Aesop fable counterpart
of "The Ondt and the Gracehoper" is the well-known, "The Mookse & the
Gripse" (FW152.18-153.19), and both of them refer to Wyndham Lewis.
The phrase "your mocks for my gropes"(FW418.32) was later inserted
into this chapter in 1929, probably considering the Aesop relationship.
According to Britannica, The Book of the Dead is:
[the] ancient Egyptian collection of mortuary
texts made up of spells or magic formulas, placed in tombs and believed
to protect and aid the deceased in the hereafter. Probably compiled and
re-edited during the 16th century BC, the collection included Coffin Texts
dating from c. 2000 BC, Pyramid Texts dating from c. 2400 BC, and other
writings. Later compilations included hymns to Re, the sun god. Numerous
authors, compilers, and sources contributed to the work. Scribes copied
the texts on rolls of papyrus, often colourfully illustrated, and sold
them to individuals for burial use. Many copies of the book have been found
in Egyptian tombs, but none contains all of the approximately 200 known
chapters. The collection, literally titled "The Chapters of Coming-Forth-by-Day,"
received its present name from Karl Richard Lepsius, German Egyptologist
who published the first collection of the texts in 1842.(britannica
2001)
These texts are for the most part excessively
corrupt, and despite the translations of Pierret, Renouf and Budge, much
labor must yet be expended upon them before they can rank as a first-rate
source.11
This book contains the seeds of most
religious elements down through the ages, for instance, the antagonism
of the dualism between good and evil, the worship of the sun-god, the idea
of "the passion, the resurrection and the eternity" and the eschatology
similar to that of later Christianity, the immortality of the soul and
the metempsychosis. In Joyce's time, owing to the trends of mysticism
and theosophy, many people admired the ancient Egyptian culture.
The English translation by Sir E.A. Wallis
Budge (1895), now notoriously unreliable because of many mistakes, was
the one Joyce mainly referred to, as we can see in the phrase "budge of
klees"(a bunch of keys, FW511.30). As James S. Atherton notes,
Frank Budgen was the first to point out that Joyce had made use of The
Book of the Dead.12 This was in an article entitled "Joyce's
Chapters of Going Forth By Day," a title derived from the old name
of the book in the Theban period as Joyce referred to it in the text like
"the thieves' recession"(FW410.36-11.1: or "Theban recension").
In fact, numerous thieves tried to steal treasures from the pyramids or
coffins. Budgen wrote that, "Many philosophies flit mothlike with
characteristic words across the pages of Finnegans Wake, and ancient
ritual books and compilations, particularly the Norse Edda and the
Egyptian Book of the Dead, are constantly recurring themes."(Two
Decades 364). Unfortunately Budgen does not tell to what extent Joyce
made use of The Book of the Dead. There are many influential
studies about The Book of the Dead including James S. Atherton's
The
Books at the Wake (1959), Mark L. Troy's Mummeries of Resurrection
(1976), John Bishop's Joyce's Book of the Dark (1986): there are
uncountable allusions on almost every page of Finnegans Wake as
well as the names of many Egyptian gods like Isis, Osiris, Horus, Set,
Ptuh, Thoth, and Hap. In this chapter of "The Ondt and the Gracehoper,"
we can find, for instance, Ra (FW414.36: the Aged One; FW415.11-12),
Ptah (FW415.26: Ptuh!), Thoth (FW515.28: thothfully), Ba
(FW415.31), Hapi (FW416.01: Heppy's), Horus (FW418.05&08:
Haru), Osiris (FW418.05: Orimis). Thus in this chapter, "What
a zeit for the goths!"(FW415.26-27: or "What a sight for the gods!")
The phrase "Bug of the Deaf" appears
in FW134.35. Atherton notes that the word "bug" means here
surely "insect"; for not only The Book of the Dead contain pictures
of Kephera, a god in the form of a scarab beetle, but one of its chapters,
XXXb, is described by Budge as having been "inscribed on numberless scarabs"
(192).13 It is the clue for the connection between this entomological
chapter and The Book of the Dead. "The Book of Breathings"
(FW415.23) is a part of The Book of the Dead. It was
a Greco-Roman text on the Volume III of Budge's recension Joyce probably
used. The narrative style of this chapter is somewhat similar to
the one of Budge's translation, for, I presume, the style of this chapter
originally imitates the litany style or the incantation style. In
Budge's translation, the phrase "Hail, Osiris Kerasher, the son of Tashenatit!"
repeated many times in the Part I, is reflected in "Behailed His Gross
the Ondt, prostrandborous upon his dhrone…"(FW417.10-11).
Also, "Let your faces be turned towards me," is reiterated many times in
the Part II of Budge's recension while there are three sentences which
begin with "Let" in this chapter (FW414.18-; 418.01-;418.18-), and
a series of long optative sentences or a fervent prayer are enumerated
after FW415.34. This chapter ends with a mocking Christian
blessing, "In the name of the former and of the latter and of their holocaust.
Allmen"(or "In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost,
Amen"), so it is adequate to have the "Book of Breathings" in this chapter.
In the third passage it says: "The Osiris Kerasher, (3) the son of Tashenatit,
hath been cleansed by means of the waters of Sekhet-hetep (i.e., Field
of Peace [cf.FW415.34 & 35]) which is situated to the north
of Sekhet-Sanehem (i.e., Field of Grasshoppers) (663). Joyce intentionally
put the name of the book here to associate Gracehoper with The Book
of the Dead.
Most allusions to ancient Egypt that McHugh
points out are not derived from the "Book of Breathings" but from other
texts of the Budge recension, for instance, the Papyrus of Ani. Joyce
must have referred to other Egyptian references. He probably consulted
the 11th Britannica (1910-11).14 Atherton indicates that
Joyce might have referred to James G. Frazer's The Golden Bough
to insert some ancient Egyptian vocabulary(193).
In The Book of the Dead, the most prominent insect is the scarab beetle or the dung beetle which of course appears in this entomological chapter: "Grouscious me and scarab my sahul!" (or Gracious me and scribe my soul!; FW415.25). Budge notes that the ancient Egyptian people worshipped the scarab beetle and identified it with Khepera(God the Creator):
He is form of the rising sun, and his seat is in the boat of the Sun-god. He is the god of matter which is on the point of passing from inertness into life, and also of the dead body from which a spiritual and glorified body is about to burst forth. His emblem is a beetle.15
Clive Hart insists that this is clearly Shem, the "dirty little blacking beetle"(FW171.30), who "beetles backwards" (FW248.18) and from whose corrupting body all artistic life flows.16 Shem characterizes himself in this chapter as "not a leetle beetle"(FW417.03; or "Great Beetle") and later he describes himself as "quite a big bug"(FW596.27). The scarab beetle is a central figure among numerous insects in this entomological chapter and is a link between this chapter and The Book of the Dead. Shem (Gracehoper) or Joyce used some citations from the Koran to persuade Shaun (Ondt) or Wyndham Lewis, and used some mocking Christian blessing to preach the resurrection of the dead and the eternity of the art in the end of the chapter. The scarab beetle appears in this chapter only one time, but many other beetles are mentioned here, like cantharides (FW415.09), sexton beetle (FW416.13), brouk (FW416.15), chrysomelidae (FW416.26), "a leetle beetle"(FW417.04), zhuk (FW417.30), primpeallian (FW418.19). We should also pay attention to "dung" references, for instance, "durrydunglecks"(FW416.11), sterus (FW416.22), merda (FW418.10). In addition, his form of rising sun is mentioned many times: retrophoebia (FW415.10), Ra (FW415.11-12), "sunsunsuns" (FW415.22), "Nichtsnichtsunnichts!"(FW416.17), "nissuntimost"(FW417.05), "sunnyroom" (FW417.14), "antboat" (FW418.05-06). All of these words are links between the insects described here and The Book of the Dead. The scarab beetle is also described as "deleteful hour of dungflies dawning"(FW118.32). This image also relates the artist to Khopri or Khepri, the scarab god himself, as Mark L. Troy points out in Mummeries of Resurrection (83). In addition, the English word "bug" was spelled "bugge" which meant a generic name for beetles, grubs, etc. (OED2). As Troy presumes, Joyce's development of his scarab images may well be based on a personal knowledge of their impressiveness when rendered in stone, for we know that he was greatly impressed by the Egyptian statuary in the British Museum(83).17 Present in the Egyptian Sculpture Gallery (Room 4 north) since 1834, is the 152.5 cm-length greenish dolerite scarab beetle (see below), which probably contributes to the image conjured by such phrases as "not a leetle beetle" (FW417.03) and "quite a big bug"(FW596.27).
The Giant Scarab (332-30 BC), found in Istanbul.
The British Museum.18
II. The "bugs" in Progress
Unlike Ulysses, which also passed
through innumerable writing stages, it is possible to survey and document
the draft and proofs of "The Ondt and the Gracehoper" stage by stage, from
the "First Draft" to the 1939 text.
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First Draft: JJA57.293-307: 47483-81-89. (Probably February 1928) |
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Redraft of beginning (FW414.14-16.26): JJA57.308-309: 47483-91-91v. (? February 1928) |
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Third proofs for transition: JJA57.318-323: 47483-92v-97. (Dated by the printer 2 March 1928) |
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TS for transition (FW418.10-19.10): JJA61.19&333: 47486b-313. (March 1928) |
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transition 12, 16-19. Principal Agency: Shakespeare and Co. (March 1928) |
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Setting TS for Tales Told (Yale) (FW414.22-): JJA57.341-52: Yale 9.6-1-12. (Probably April 1929) |
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Proofs for Tales Told (first set) (Yale) (FW414.22-): JJA57.353-60: Yale 9.9-14-16a. (Probably April 1929) |
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Proofs for Tales Told (third set) (Texas) (FW414.22-): JJA57.363-71: Texas-17-25. (Dated by Joyce 19 May 1929) |
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Duplicate of third proof (Yale) (FW417.27-418.13): JJA57.372: Yale 9.7-1. (Probably May or June 1929) A Duplicate of Level 05 |
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Proofs for Tales Told (fourth set) (Yale) (FW417.26-419.10): JJA57.373-76: Yale 9.8-52-55. (Probably May or June 1929) |
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Marked pages of Two Tales of Shem and Shaun: JJA61.9-18: 47486a-75v-47486b-312. (Date unknown) |
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Pages from Two Tales ("The Ondt and the Gracehoper"): JJA61.318,325-32: 47486b-305v, 306-12. (Date unknown) |
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Galley proofs for Finnegans Wake (first set): JJA62.16-21: 47487-8v-12. (Dated by the printer 22 April and 31 May 1937) |
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Galley proofs (second set): JJA62.262-67: 47487-145v-49. (Dated by the printer 22 April and 31 May 1937) |
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Finnegans Wake (1939). Viking Compass Edition, 1959; rpr.1987) |
Joyce changed and rephrased some words
elaborately, but since the transition typescript, he basically tried to
leave most words as they appeared in the text for the first time until
the final text without omitting or greatly changing the word order.
In other words, the work Joyce did for the text is "insertion" from transition
to the 1939 text. He inserted words in some parts mostly to keep
a balance between one part and its counterpart. He sometimes put
many terms of a particular field into the text at one time. I put
the typescript of the transition on Level 02.1 in the above table because
there seems to be no correction in this chapter since Level 02: transition
is Level 02.2. The dates of Level 06 and Level 07 are unknown in
The James Joyce Archive, but the revisions of the first set of pages were
possibly begun in 1933-1934, and were completed by 1 July 1936.
Joyce began to write this chapter in
1924, and finished a draft in 1926, according to his letters.19
Wyndham Lewis published "An Analysis of the Mind of James Joyce" in The
Enemy in January 1927. This article was published in Time
and Western Man in September 1927. In it Lewis wrote, "I regard
Ulysses
as a time-book; and by that I mean that it lays its emphasis upon, for
choice manipulates, and in a doctrinaire manner, the self-conscious time-sense,
that has now been erected into a universal philosophy"(81). Lewis's
criticism angered Joyce and he made changes to his manuscript in an effort
to clarify his literary method. This means that there must have been
an earlier draft than Level 01 (First Draft) that was free from any criticism
toward Lewis, although it may be already extant.
Joyce's composition on this chapter
can be divided into four stages after the so-called First Draft in February
1928. The first stage is from the First Draft to transition.
The First Draft was composed around February 1928 and after a delicate
correction this chapter appeared on transition, vol.12, March 1928.
From Level 01 to Level 02 it seems to have been no big change in his plan;
the only striking insertion in on FW417.26-33.
The second stage is from March 1928 to
June 1929, when Joyce put a lot of words into various parts of the text,
because it was published as a part of Tales Told of Shem and Shaun
with Book I Chapter 6 and Book II Chapter 2 (Paris: The Black Sun Press,
1929: FW152-59, 282-304, 414-19). In the above table, it is
from Level 03 to Level 05.2. At Level 03, Joyce inserted FW415.02-19,
415.31-16.02, 416.15, 416.17-20, 417.01-02, 418.05, 418.09, 418.22-25,
etc., including the words related to the ancient Egyptian terms.
At Level 04, he added to the text FW415.11, 415.14-15, 415.19-22,
415.33-34, 416.16-19,417.10-12, 417.28, 418.18-19, 418.26-29, etc., including
some entomological terms conspicuously. At Level 05, insertions were
done in FW415.26, 416.30-32 (non-Egyptian religious terms), 418.06-08(Egyptian
religious terms), 418.32-19.02 (incl. "your mocks for my gropes").
The third stage is from 1933 to 1936 (from
Level 06 to Level 07), but the exact date is unknown according to The
James Joyce Archive. Probably Joyce restarted work on them around
1933 or 1934, and completed them on July 1st 1936, as in the JJA notes.
By that time the other parts were almost finished: Joyce carefully intensified
each motif by adding some more words in view of the whole book. At
Level 06 Joyce inserted words at FW414.19-20 (a long word in parenthesis),
416.19-20, 416.34, 416.36(Danish words), 417.04-07, 417.09("these mouschical
umsummables"), 417.12-13, 417.20-21, 417.24, 417.33, 418.01-04(prayer beginning
with "Let"). He continued to put more entomological words, too.
Level 07 is almost same as Level 06, with no outstanding insertion.
Finally the fourth stage ranges
from Level 08 to Level 09, almost at the same time, judging from the printer's
date, completed by May 31, 1937. At Level 08 "Have mood! Hold
forth!"(FW414.14-15) was inserted and made the long word in parenthesis
(FW414.19) longer: almost no big difference except spelling checks
and other minor changes. Finnegans Wake was published in 1939,
but the edition I refer to this time is the Viking Compass edition (1959),
which is Level 10 in my table above. In addition, my table starts
from FW414.14, because I follow Danis Rose and John O'Hanlon's Understanding
"Finnegans Wake," after checking the text from Level 01 to Level 02.20
As for entomological insertions, "Floh"
and "Luse"(FW417.29) appeared in First Draft. "Flutterby" and "Lovelight"
were there in place of the insects' names "Bienie" and "Vespatilla"(FW417.30).
As far as I can check, "Flutterby" and "Lovelight" are not entomological
names. These two names were replaced by the present insects' names
at Level 01.1, the stage of Redraft: they were changed before transition
(March 1928). Major European insects' names appeared in transition.
The majority of the complicated entomological terms McHugh points out were
inserted around 1929. This means that before First Draft Joyce had
already planned to insert numerous insects' names in this chapter.
This insertion was done almost at the same time as the philosophers' names.
It may be surprising that the Egyptian
insertions from The Book of the Dead were done mostly after transition.
At Level 01, there were very few Egyptian words, for instance, "inscythe
the wormcasket"(FW415.01); most of them were inserted at Level 03.
Actually most major motifs, i.e., the insects' names, Grimm brothers,
Jacob and Esau, Aesop's Fables (FW414.17), "windhame"(Wyndham
Lewis, FW415.29), counterargument to Lewis (FW419.03-08), "Tossmania"(FW416.30)
and the philosophers' names (FW417.15-22) were already at Level
01.
III. "why can't you beat time?"
Umberto Eco explains in The Aesthetics of Chaosmos:
In the chapter in which Shaun the postman pleads against Shem the penman, Joyce recounts the fable of The Ondt and the Gracehoper (The Ant and Grasshopper). Shaun identifies with the thrifty ant and denounces in Shem the thoughtlessness of the grasshopper. But in the heart of Shaun's pejoration, Joyce extols the "Gracehoper," the artist turned towards the future, towards growth and development. Shem is thus symbolized by the tree and traditionalist immobility of the ant is symbolized by the stone, "ant" being deformed into "ondt" which signifies "evil" in Danish (70).21
Joyce=Gracehoper sings the ballads like
Tim Finnegan or spends his days composing "Finnegans Wake." After
FW415.15,
thus follows: "For if sciencium… can mute uns nought, 'a thought, abought
the Great Sommboddy within the Omniboss, perhops an artsaccord… might
sing ums tumtim abutt the Little Newbuddies that ring his panch"(or For
if science… can mute us nought a thought of the Great Somebody within
the Omnipotent, perhaps a harpsichord might sing us something about the
little new bodies that ring his paunch). For this reason, the grasshopper
sings, "hoppy… of his joyicity"(FW414.22-23; or happily… in his
Joycean way). The Ondt, on the other hand, is a serious chairman
and "is opposed to adventure in time, claiming the primacy, the solidity,
and the inalterability of space" (Eco 72; cf. FW416.04-08).
Joyce implicated the argument with Wyndham Lewis here.
Lewis insisted in Time and Western
Man (cf. FW292.06: "Spice and Westend Women") that the "classical
unities of time and place are buried beneath its scale, however, and in
this All-life-in-a-day scheme there is small place for them"(81-82) and
criticized Joyce's and Proust's method of the "time-fanaticism"(83) and
"telling from the inside"(89). Lewis's severe criticism targeted
Ulysses
mainly because, as Lewis said, "no writing of his before
Ulysses
would have given him anything but an honourable position as the inevitable
naturalist-french-influenced member of the romantic Irish Revival-a Maupassant
of Dublin, but without the sinister force of Flaubert's disciple"(73).
He even told that "At the end of a long reading of Ulysses you feel that
it is the very nightmare of the naturalistic method that you have been
experiencing" (89), which upset Joyce considerably. So Joyce tried
to make fun of Lewis in Finnegans Wake. Lewis, classicist,
could not write a novel which could live in its rhythm and conquer time,
as Joyce could. Paradoxically, however, we can say that Lewis's
criticism was worth Joyce putting forth a counterargument. The Ondt
is a "conformed acetist and aristotaller" (FW417.16; or conformed
atheist [ascetic] and Aristotelian) who lectures various philosophies like
Thomas Aquinas (FW417.07), Confucius(FW417.15), etc.
As Eco explains, the Gracehoper and the Ondt are "'umsummables,' the dialectic
between the tree and the stone no longer enters into the possible summa
of an Aristotelian philosophy"(72). In this chapter Shem= Gracehoper=Joyce
ridicules Shaun=Ondt=Lewis, but both of them do not try to convince the
other. "For the prize of your save is the price of my spend"(FW418.21):
so the Gracehoper forgives the Ondt "weeping"(FW418.12).
As the Aesopian phrase, "Jerkoff and Eatsoup"
(FW246.30 & 563.24; Jerkoff=Jacob/Shem) shows, the identifying
Aesop with Shaun is coherent throughout the novel. Grace Eckley explains
in Children's Lore in "Finnegans Wake" that Joyce remains consistent
with the biography of Aesop who as former slave defended his master, Croesus;
and his reply raises himself from the position of humble petitioner to
that of granter of favor while being perfectly frank about the Ondt's "gift"
of advice and rejection (32).
It is beyond question that the Gracehoper=Shem
argues against Lewis here. It reminds us, however, of the so-called
"The Revolution of the Word Proclamation" of transition, 16/17(1929),
"tired of the spectacle of short stories, novels, poems and plays still
under the hegemony of the banal word, monotonous syntax, static psychology,
descriptive naturalism, and desirous of crystallizing a viewpoint…."22
Among the twelve articles, "10. TIME IS A TYRANNY TO BE ABOLISHED" is similar
to "But, Holy Saltmartin, why can't you beat time?"(FW419.08).
Motoi Oda argues in Exodus of Arts:
To Eugene Jolas's mind, doubtlessly,
the closest was Joyce, or "Work in Progress." It was considered that
there were two vectors for "the abolition of the time": one is "the pan-time
sense" and the other is "the anti-time sense."
In "Work in Progress," the daily dreamtime
and the historical events get indistinguishably and simultaneously entangled
each other. The primal scene buried deep in the daily life-we may
call it the collective consciousness-appealed to the artist's idea and
imagination to come across the time, when "the anti-time sense" occurs.
We can see either way of managing the time already in Ulysses rather
strikingly.23
Oda's argument seems very important to
understand FW419.08. Joyce was not among the people who signed
the Proclamation. Most of those who signed were either directly involved
with editing transition like Robert Sage, Stuart Gilbert and Elliot Paul.
Hart Crane and A.L. Gillespie were the only writers who signed. Joyce
and Gertrude Stein, most appropriate to sign, were not even asked to sign?probably
because both were too independent.24 As Oda points out, chief-editor
Jolas must have been most conscious of Finnegans Wake when they
planned to declare this (120). As we have seen, "But, Holy Saltmartin,
why can't you beat time?" (FW419.08) near the end of the chapter
certainly responds to the Proclamation. Or the Proclamation
differently responded to Lewis's criticism at almost the same time when
Joyce did. Both of them suggest the new direction of the transition
writers including Joyce who flied freely from the classical time-management
in novel and approved the method of Finnegans Wake. The transition,
one of the American expatriate "little magazines," appeared in the middle
of 1920s and lived the longest of them until 1938. Of course it owed
greatly to Eugene Jolas, but the major direction the magazine followed
was shown in Joyce's "the anti-time sense." The transition
writers beat the classical concept of time admirably.
Conclusion
The "buginning" story becomes "void"
or "woid," which is the beginning and also the end. "In the buginning
is the woid" meta-reflects the novel's circular structure that begins with
"riverrun" and ends with "the": and then the readers recirculate back to
"riverrun." The insects were metaphorically scattered not only
in this entomological chapter but also in other chapters. In addition,
the multi-lingual names of insects interwoven in the texture are associated
with the multi-lingual portmanteau words of Finnegans Wake.
In this sense "The Ondt and the Gracehoper" chapter is an important key
to solve the riddles and enigmas of the novel.
Joyce utilized The Book of the Dead
for his novel very significantly probably because it is a collection of
the incantations for the resurrection and rebirth of the dead on the burial.
It is, needless to say, very suitable to the ballad of Tim Finnegan, especially
for the motif of the death and the resurrection. In the beginning
of the novel, as Mark L. Troy notes, Finnegan falls into a "Mastabatoom"(FW6.10)
that include not only the mastaba-tomb but also Bataou, a title of Osiris
as the spirit or soul of bread (70).
Moreover, The Book of the Dead
is not a "night-book" as Finnegans Wake is, but rather a "day-book,"
because it was concerned not with death, but eternity; the dead were to
awaken in the City of the Sun.25 Considering that the protagonist
Earwicker was named after an insect's name, it is quite significant that
this entomological chapter features The Book of the Dead, and is
based on an Aesopian fable letting an insect tell a moral and is interwoven
with numerous multi-lingual insects' names.
Joyce lived before the computer age.
The "bug" as recent technological term, however, means "A defect or fault
in a machine, plan, or the like origin" (OED2). Finnegans
Wake can be regarded as "The Book of Bugs" because it is full of "bugs,"
in other words, Joyce's intentional misspellings of English words.
The readers have to analyze each word Joyce the programmer created and
decide whether it contains a "bug" or not in order to translate it in various
ways until they can manage to understand it. The world of the "bugs"
Joyce created, or the chronotope Earwicker lives in, is "void." To
read Finnegans Wake is to deconstruct the "bugs." Or these
earwigs would intrude into the ideal readers' "ears" who are "suffering
from an ideal insomnia"(FW120.13-14), and would make them “wig."
Notes
This essay is based on the
paper presented for "Finnegans Wake Workshop:
The Ondt and the Gracehoper:
Bauck to Baugsic" at the 13th Japanese
James Joyce Conference on
June 17, 2001, Aoyama-Gakuin University.
1 Another conspicuous
thing is the use of Danish or other North-European languages.
2 Selected Letters
of James Joyce, 329-32.
3 See the Penguin
edition of Aesop's Fables (1998). The oldest Japanese translation(1659)
also
contains "The Cicada and the Ant."
4 See Yoshiko Nishimura,
"Aesop's Fables," 26.
5 Roland McHugh, Annotations
to "Finnegans Wake," 414-19.
6 Clive Hart, "His
Good Smetterling of Entymology," 14-24.
7 Sei Shonagaon, The
Pillow-book, "No.30 Insects," 69-70.
8 Daizaburo Okumoto,
"Fabre: Discovering the Living Insects," 25.
9 See the Penguin
Aesop's
Fables, "Introduction," x-xi.
10 Cf. the Penguin Aesop's
Fables, "Introduction," xv.
11 Cf. Encyclopaedia
Britannica. 11th ed., "Egypt."
12 Cf. Atherton, The
Books at the Wake, 192. Atherton also notes that "it seems likely that
Joyce
used the Papyrus of Ani, which is the best and fullest copy of The Book
of the Dead in
the
British Museum"(192).
13 Cf. Budge, The Book
of the Dead, plate XV.
14 Encyclopaedia Britannica.
11th
ed. But the article "Egypt" only contains a very brief
explanation of The Book of the Dead, comparing with its fully-explanation
of the Egyptian gods.
15 Budge, 4, 2n.
16 Clive Hart, "His Good
Smetterling of Entymology," 14.
17 Cf. Arthur Power, Conversations
with James Joyce, 48.
18 Cf. The Department of
the Egyptian Antiquities, British Museum official site:
http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/egyptian/ea/gall/ea74.html.
19 See two letters to Harriet
Shaw Weaver; dated March 15, 1924 (Letters, III, 90) and dated
September 26, 1926 (Letters, III, 142).
20 Danis Rose and John O'Hanlon,
Understanding
"Finnegans Wake," 215-19.
21 Umberto Eco, The Aesthetics
of Chaosmos: The Middle Ages of James Joyce, 70-74. The
original title is "Le poetiche di James Joyce" in Opera Aperta (1962).
22 "The Proclamation," transition,
16/17 (1929).
23 Motoi Oda, Exodus
of Arts, 120-21. The English translation by Eishiro Ito.
24 Cf. Douglas McMillan,
"transition"
1927-38, 48.
25 Cf. Eckley, 32.
References
Aesop. The Complete
Fables. Trans. Olivia & Robert Temple. Penguin Classics.
London: Penguin Books, 1998.
Atherton, James S. The
Books at the Wake. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern
Illinois University Press, 1959.
Bishop, John. Joyce's
Book of the Dark. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986.
British Museum, The.
(The official site: URL= http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/).
Budge, E.A. Wallis. The
Books of the Dead (1st ed.1895; 2nd ed.). London: Kegan Paul,
Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd., 1928.
Budgen, Frank. "Joyce's
Chapters of Going Forth By Day." Horizon. September
1941.
Reprinted Givens, Two Decades, 345-89.
Eckley, Grace. Children's
Lore in "Finnegans Wake." New York: Syracuse University, 1985.
Eco, Umberto. The Aesthetics
of Chaosmos: The Middle Ages of James Joyce. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.
Encyclopaedia Britannica.
11th ed. 29 vols. Cambridge, Eng: The University Press, 1910-11.
--------. britannica
2001 (Deluxe CD Edition). Chicago: Britannica.com, 2001.
Hart, Clive. "His Good
Smetterling of Entymology." A Wake Newslitter, vol.IV, no.1
(February 1967), 14-24.
Joyce, James. Finnegans
Wake (1st ed.1939). New York: The Viking Press, 1987.
--------. The James
Joyce Archive [JJA]. 63 vols. General ed. Michael Groden.
New York
& London: Garland Publishing Inc., 1978.
--------. Ed. Richard
Ellmann. Letters of James Joyce, vol. III. New York:
The Viking Press,
1966.
--------. Ed. Richard
Ellmann. Selected Letters of James Joyce. London: Faber and Faber,
1975.
Lewis, Wyndham. Time and
Western Man. Santa Rosa: Black Sparrow Press, 1993.
McHugh, Roland. Annotations
to "Finnegans Wake." 2nd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins
University, 1991.
McMillan, Douglas.
"transition": The History of a Literary Era 1927-1938. New York:
George
Braziller, 1976.
Nishimura, Yoshiko.
"Aesop's Fables." World Literature 51: Greek Mythology and Aesop's
Fables. Tokyo: Weekly Asahi Encyclopedia, the July 9, 2000 issue.
Oda, Motoi. Exodus
of Arts. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1993.
Okumoto, Daizaburo.
"Fabre: Discovering the Living Insects. World Literature 61: L'Assimmoir
& Une Vie. Tokyo: Weekly Asahi Encyclopedia, the Sept. 17, 2000
issue.
Power, Arthur. Conversations
with James Joyce. Ed. Clive Hart. London: Millington, 1974.
Rose, Danis and John O'Hanlon.
Understanding
"Finnegans Wake." New York & London:
Garland Publishing Inc., 1982.
Sei Shonagon. Trans.
Ivan Morris. The Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon. London:
Penguin Books,
1971.
Tindall, William York.
A Reader's Guide to "Finnegans Wake." Farrar, Straus and Giroux,
1969.
Troy, Mark L. Mummeries
of Resurrection: The Cycle of Osiris in "Finnegans Wake." Doctoral
Dissertation at the University of Uppsala, 1976.
Appendix
Finnegans Wake 414.14-419.10
The Ondt and the Gracehoper
General Notes
List of Selected Abbreviations
[A] = McHugh, Roland. Annotations to "Finnegans Wake."
2nd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University, 1991.
[AI] = Wall, Richard. An Anglo-Irish Dialect Glossary for Joyce's Works.
Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe, 1986.
[CL] = O Hehir, Brendan & John M. Dillon. A Classical Lexicon for "Finnegans Wake."
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
[GaeL] = O Hehir, Brendan. A Gaelic Lexicon for "Finnegans Wake."
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
[GerL] = Bonheim, Helmut. A Lexicon of the German in "Finnegans Wake."
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
[MR] = Troy, Mark L. Mummeries of Resurrection: The Cycle of Osiris in "Finnegans Wake."
Doctoral Dissertation at the University of Uppsala, 1976.
[RG] = Tindall, William York. A Reader's Guide to "Finnegans Wake."
Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969.
[SE] = Chiristiani, Dounia Bunis. Scandinavian Elements of "Finnegans Wake."
Evanstone: Northwestern University Press, 1965.
[TC] = Glasheen, Adaline. Third Census of "Finnegans Wake."
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
[TDP] = Burns, Edward M. with Joshua A. Gaylord eds. A Tour of the Darkling Plain:
The "Finnegans Wake" Letters of Thornton Wilder and Adaline Glasheen.
Dublin: University College Dublin Press, 2001.
Ondt and Gracehoper - a recension of La Fontaine's fable which proves Prudence is the Best Policy. Joyce toes the original story line: spendthrift and life-enjoying Gracehoper (Shem) has fun with girls and dancing in this world, but is starved in heaven where the Prudent Manichean Ondt gets goodies and houris and will not feed hungry Gracehoper - see Dives and Lazarus. The last jeer is with the Gracehoper (turned into one of those bards who jeered at close-fisted Irish kings) who says the rewards of prudence are second-hand girls. Ondt is Danish "evil," is an anagram of "don't," is almost an anagram of Dante; "Ondt" is often aandt, Danish "spirit," "breath," "intellect" which ties Ondt to Wyndham Lewis (see also Nous). For "Gracehoper," see Grace O'Malley and see Joyce's Dubliners story, "Grace": like "Grace," "The Ondt and the Gracehoper" is a kind of divine comedy. "The Ondt and the Gracehoper" is a companion fable to "The Mookse and the Gripes". Vico held fable to be the work of a discontented slave class. The prudence of the Ondt may owe much to Stanislaus Joyce. The fable is filled with names of insects. [TC]
The FABLE of the Ondt and the Gracehoper, a delight in
many languages, is considerably, if not predominantly, Danish. Observe
that Shaun, himself an Ondt "pain," characterizes Shem's "root" language
in totally Norse?not rude?thunder and Shem in terms equally applicable
to Ibsen.[SE]
414
So be it; Soviet [A] F chanson: song Du moed:courage[A]
It it: you so you are [A] I Sean(shan): Da Mod:courage[SE]
(Abl.) vi + L et: with force and[CL] John[GaeL]
414.15: Hold forth !
Annals of the Theatre Royal, D 197: ‘Viardot held forth' [A]
414.16: -- I apologuise,
Shaun began, but I would rather spinooze
apologue: allegorical story, fable [A]
Spinoza [A]
Du spin: spider [A]
414.17: you one from the grimm
gests of Jacko and Esaup, fable one,
Jakob Grimm's fairy tales [A] Jacob & Esau
[A] Aesop's fable of the
F gests: doings, exploits [A] Ant &Grasshopper [A]
G Aisopos: fabulist [A]
414.18: feeble too. Let us
here consider the casus, my dear little cousis
L casus: calamity[A]: F cousin: gnat
[A]
falling, overthrow;
error; event, accident;
occasion; case in grammar[A]
Gr kasis;(pl.) kasioi: brother(s)[CL]
‘my dear little brothers in Christ' PIII [A]
414.19: (husstenhasstencaffincoffintussemtossemdamandamnacosaghcusa-
G Husten: cough[A][GerL] coughing L tussem:cough[A][CL]
L mandamus: I na casachta:of the
G Hass: hate[GerL]
It tosse:cough[A] we command; cough[A][GaeL]
G hast't: have a[GerL]
legal term[CL] I cosach(kusokh):
Da Hosten: coughing;
L-damna-; losses, footed[GaeL]
F tousser: to cough[SE]
injuries;fines[CL] I Mac Iosoc(mokisok):
son of Isaac; anglic. Cusack[GaeL]
414.20: ghhobixhatouxpeswchbechoscashlcarcarcaract)
of the Ondt and
F toux: We peswch: M Gr bex: PS kasel: L carcer: N ondt:
hard, ill (*‘angry)[A]
cough[A] cough[A] cough(pron. cough[A] prison[CL] Da Ondt:bad, evil(neuter
adj.;
‘bix')[A][CL] ?Cathel[Gaze] also
adv.).[SE]+
M Br bechos:
Da aandt: spirit, breath, intellect,
of a cough[A]
which ties Ondt to W. Lewis.[TC]
+ In certain constructions ondt can mean " pain," corresponding to French
mal, as in ondt i halsen,
mal a la gorge, a pain in the throat.[SE]
414.21: the Gracehoper.
N graeshoppe:
grasshopper[A]
414.22: The Gracehoper
was always jigging ajog, hoppy on akkant
jigger: flea[A] happy[A] Kant[A][GerL]
Tunga penetrance[A]
account[A]
G Kante:edge[GerL]
414.23: of his joyicity, (he
had a partner pair of findlestilts to supplant
fiddlesticks[A] support[A]
(grasshopper sings with scraping hind legs)[A]
(Esau's twin Jacob supplants him; name ‘Jacob' means ‘supplanter')[A]
414.24: him), or, if not,
he was always making ungraceful overtures to
414.25: Floh and Luse and
Bienie and Vespatilla to play pupa-pupa and
G Floh: flea[A] Da lus: G Biene:bee[A] L (artif.)vespatilla:
s Upa-Upa[A]
louse[A][SE]
littlewasp[A][CL] pupa: stage in insect
development[A]
L pupa: girl[A];doll[CL]
G Puppe: doll[GerL]
414.26: pulicy-pulicy and
langtennas and pushpygyddyum and to com-
pulicine: pertaining
to fleas[A] antennae [A]
pigidium: terminal segment of insect [A]
lawn tennis[A] L *pygidium; a little rump,
little buttocks[CL]
G lang:long[A][GerL]
414.27: mence insects with
him, there mouthparts to his orefice and his
commit incest [A] in sex [A]
their [A] mouthparts: modified appendages [A]
in sex [A]
surrounding mouths of insects [A]
414.28: gambills to there
airy processes, even if only in chaste, ameng
F Sl gambilles: legs [A] hairy (= Esau) [A]
jest [A] among[A]
G Menge:
lot of, crowd
[GerL]
414.29: the everlistings,
behold a waspering pot. He would of curse
everlasting [A]
watering [A]
of course [A]
*‘everlistings = laurel bushes' [A] (pot with jam in bottom used to trap
wasps)
414.30: melissciously, by
his fore feelhers, flexors, contractors, depres-
Gr mellissa: bee[A][CL]
feelers (antennae) [A] flexors, contractors, depressors and
maliciously [A]
Da Melis: granulated
sugar: L mel;mellis:
honey[SE]
414.31: sors and extensors,
lamely, harry me, marry me, bury me, bind
extensors: types of muscles [A] namely [A] (Viconian cycle)
[A]
414.32: me, till she was puce
for shame and allso fourmish her in Spin-
*F puce: flea [A]
F fourmit: ant [A] G Spinner:
furnish [A] silkworm[A]
414.33: ner's housery at the
earthsbest schoppinhour so summery as his
hosiery[A]
Schopenhauer[A]
NPN: Spinoza(+spider)[Gaze]
shopping hour[A]
414.34: cottage, which was
cald fourmillierly Tingsomingenting, groped
called[A] *F fourmiliere: ant hill[A] Da en ting som ingen ting:
It calso: hot[A] familiarly[A]
a thing like no thing [A];[SE]
L caldus:warm, L formicalis:resembling FW183.06: "stinksome
hot[CL] the crawling of ants[CL]
inkenstink"[SE] ting
Tingsomingenting[Gaze]
414.35: up. Or, if he was
always striking up funny funereels with Bester-
funerals+ reels Da bedstefar:
(cycle →Vico) grand father [A][SE]
trans. Pater Optimus
Best Father: title of
of Jupiter[CL]
*Joyce would have been aware that a danced "reel" was
after a part of the resurrection process as envisioned by
the ancient Egyptians.[MR31]
414.36: farther Zeuts, the
Aged One, With all his wigeared corollas, albe-
Zeus [A] Egyptian Book of the Dead cxli:
earwig[A] corolla: ring L albedo:
G Zeit: time [A] ‘the Aged One, i.e. Ra' [A]
of petals[A] whiteness[A]
Gr Zeus: "Sky," "Day":chief god of the Greeks;#A[CL]
L corolla:
garland[CL]
*letter, 26/3/28, to HSW.
415
415.01: dinous and oldbuoyant,
inscythe his elytrical wormcasket and
Gr mind, intellect[CL]
inside his electrical[A]
Gr elytron:covering;
shard of a beetle's
wing [CL]
?Illyria[Gaze]
Father Time's scythe[A] elytra: hardened wing cases of beetles[A]
415.02: Dehlia and Peonia,
his druping nymphs, bewheedling him, com-
Delia &
Peona in Keats' Endymion[A] drupe: nymph:immmature
bewildering insect's compound
dahlia and peony [A] stone fruit[A] nonmetamorphosing
eyes[A]
Gr&L Delia: Diana, Gr paionia: L drupa:
insect [A]
from her birth on L paeonia: Gr druppa
Gr nymphe:bride,
Delos [CL] "belonging to olive[CL]
young girl,etc.[CL]
Paion/Paeon G drupepes
[god of medicine]": tree-
the peony [CL] ripened[CL]
C
415.03: pound eyes on hornitosehead,
and Auld Letty Plussiboots to
hornet [A]
old Puss-in-Boots (pantomime)[A]
hornito: mound of volcanic origin[A]
E H
A L P
415.04: scratch his cacumen
and cackle his tramsitus, diva deborah (seven
L cacumen: summit, tickle[A] transitus:
diva: prima Heb deborah:
top end [A][CL]
windpipe[A] donna (from L bee [A]
cocoon [A]
L transitus: goddess)[A][CL]
We cacynen: wasp [A]
a going over,
L cacumen:extreme end,
passage[CL]
extremity, point[CL]
415.05: bolls of sapo, a lick
of lime, two spurts of fussfor, threefurts of
It bolle di sapone:
Da fosfor: Gr Furz: fart [A]
soap bubbles [A]
phosphorus[A][SE]
boll weevil [A]
Venus: "Phosphorus"
L sapo:soap[CL]
[Gaze]
415.06: sulph, a shake o'shouker,
doze grains of migniss and a mesfull of
sulphur [A] G Zucker:sugar[A][GerL] F douze
[A] maginesium [A] Du mes: knife[A]
(possibly based on composition of human body) [A]
415.07: midcap pitchies. The
whool of the whaal in the wheel of the
madcap[A] pitchcap[A]
s ‘The flea on the hair of the
G Wal:whale[GerL]
G Wahl: choice[GerL]
415.08: whorl of the Boubou
from Bourneum has thus come to taon!),
tail of the dog
of the nurse of the child of the wife of the wild man from Borneo has just
come to town'[A]
Borneo[Gaze]
F taon: gadfly [A]
I aon(en): one[GaeL]
415.09: and with tambarins
and cantoridettes soturning around his eggs-
tambarines [A] Cantharides:
Saturnia:moth gegus[A] exile[A]
gegus of beetles[A] Saturn[Gaze]
axle[A]
It canto: song[A]
L cantor: singer, poet [CL]
Cantonese
415.10: hill rockcoach their
dance McCaper in retrophoebia, beck from
R rogach: stag beetle [A] Saint-Saens: Danse Macabre[A] (Phoebe: moon of
Beck: expounder
cockroach (Periplaneta, gegus of cockroaches)[A]
Saturn; retrograde of Kant [A]
Mac Caba(mok kabe): rotation [A][Gaze] back to back[A]
anglic. McCabe[GaeL] phobia [A]
I beach: bee[A]
Capricorn[Gaze] L *retrophoebia:
G Becken:pelvis,
a backward[ness] of bowl[GerL]
Phoebus [Apollo: the G dial. Beck:
sun]; reversal of the baker[GerL]
sun [CL]
415.11: bulk, like fantastic
disossed and jenny aprils, to the ra, the ra, the
Valentin Le Desosse & Jane Avril painted by Toulouse-Lautrec [A]
Ra: Egyptian sun-god [A]
diseased [A]
Rigoletto: ‘La, ra, la ra, la ra' [A]
415.12: ra, the ra, langsome
heels and langsome toesis, attended to by a
G langsam:slow[A][GerL]
L tussis:a cough[CL]
Da langsom: slow[SE]
415.13: mutter and doffer
duffmatt baxingmotch and a myrmidins of
G Mutter[A][GerL] Butt
& Taff [A] boxing match[A] Myrmica: genus of ants[A]
deafmute [A]
murmur [A]
I dubh(duv):
Myrmidons at Troy [A]
black[GaeL]
Gr Myrmidones: a people of
G matt:lifeless,
Thessaly; in Iliad, flowers of
mate(chess)
Achilles[CL]
[GerL]
Gr myrmedon: ants' nest[CL]
415.14: pszozlers pszinging
Satyr's Caudledayed Nice and Hombly,
sozzlers singing[A] Satyr:genus of
butterflies[A]
Po pszczola: bee[A] Gr
Satyros: caudle: a warm drink[A]
the god Dionysos;
spirit of wildlife
in the woods,
bestial and goatlike;
lewd person; kind
of ape [CL]
nr ‘Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall' [A]
Saturn[Gaze]
Burns: Cottar's Saturday Night [A]
415.15: Dombly Sod We Awhile
but Ho, Time Timeagen, Wake! For if
s Tim Finnegan's Wake [A] A.I. pron. weak[AI]
415.16: sciencium (what's
what) can mute uns nought, 'a thought,
L silentium [A]
G uns:us[A][GerL]
L *scientium as if sing. :
knowledge, skill,
expertness, science[CL]
415.17: abought the Great
Sommboddy within the Omniboss, perhops an
I bod(bud):
omnibus; for every-
penis[GaeL]
one, everything[A][CL]
"The Great Sommboddy within the Omniboss" must be the
sleeper, dreamer, H.C.E., and God.[RG]
415.18: artsaccord (hoot's
hoot) might sing ums tumtim abutt the Little
harpsichord [A] Who's Who [A]
something about [A]
Art Accord & Hoot Gibson: cowboy actors [A]
415.19: Newbuddies that ring
his panch. A high old tide for the bar-
nobodies[A]
paunch[A]
time[A] berated[A]
I bod(bud)[GaeL]
415.20: heated publics and
the whole day as gratiis! Fudder and lighting
ME barrat: deception[A]
L Deo gratis: thanks to God[A] thunder & lightning[A]
L Deus gratiis: God, out of kind- G Vater: father;
ness; God, for nothing; God gra- G Futter:fodder
tuitously; God into the bargain[CL]
[GerL]
415.21: for ally looty, any
filly in a fog, for O'Cronione lags acrumbling
G alle Leute: Anopheles, Cronos dethroned
by Zeus, his son[A][CL]
everyone[A][GerL] gegus of
Gr chronos: time [A]
mosquitoes
I O Cronin(o kronin):
[A]
des. Croinin(dim. of
cron, "swarthy"); anglic.
O Cronin[GaeL]
415.22: in his sands but his
sunsunsuns still tumble on. Erething above
s ‘John Brown's body lies a moudering
in the grave but his soul is marching on' [A] Heb eres: earth [A]
C sun: descendants, grandchildren [A] anything on earth [A]
*sons, son's, suns: original sungod was Helios; his son Phaiton, drove
the sun with disastrous results; Helios became identified with Apollo,
whose father Zeus was the son of Kronos son of Ouranos/Uranus(the
sky) [CL]
*The three "sons of the sun god": cf. "sun-yet-sun"(FW90.01)[MR63]
415.23: ground, as his Book
of Breathings bed him, so as everwhy, sham
Book of Breathings: a funeral ritual bade[A]
Shem
in the Egyptian Book of the Dead[A]
415.24: or shunner, zeemliangly
to kick time.
or Shaun [A] seemingly to kill time [A]
R zemlya: the earth [A]
C liang: to excuse [A]
415.25: Grouscious
me and scarab my sahul! What a bagateller it is!
gracious me! [A] Egyptian sacred
my soul [A]
bagatelle [A]
scarabs (beetle)[A] sahu: habitation of the soul, G Teller:plate
in Egyptian theology[A]
[GerL]
I sabhall(sal):barn, granary[GaeL] Tingsomingenting[Gaze]
*Both the grouse and the scrab are symbols
of rebirth and immortality.[MR81]
415.26: Libelulous! Inzanzarity!
Pou! Pschla! Ptuh! What a zeit for the
libellous [A] insincerity [A] F pou:louse[A] Da sommerfugal:
What a sight for the gods![A]
Libellula:genus Po pscla:flea[A] butterfly[A]
Ptah: Egyp- G zeit:time
of dragonflies[A] It zanzara:gnat[A]
tian god[A] [A][GerL]
L libellulus:a very Gr (Doric-Ionic):
little book[CL] Zeus: chief G
god[CL]
415.27: goths! vented the
Ondt, who, not being a sommerfool, was
G Sommer: summer
G Sommervogel:butterfly[GerL]
Da Sommerfugl(pron. summer fool):
butterfly[SE]
415.28: thothfolly making
chilly spaces at hisphex affront of the icinglass
thoughtfully making silly faces at himself in front of the looking-glass
of his window [A]
Thoth: Egyptian god of wisdom[A]
Sphex: genus of
isinglass: a variety
I toth(to): female; female organs[GaeL]
solitary wasps[A] of gelatine[A]
Gr sphex: wasp[CL]
415.29: of his windhame, which
was cold antitopically Nixnixundnix.
Wyndham Lewis[A]
called[A] anti-tropical(cold)[A] G nix(nights):
Gr *antitopikos: nothing[A][GerL]
contrary to local[CL] L nix: snow[A][CL]
G und: and[GerL]
Nixnixundnix[Gaze]
415.30: We shall not come
to party at that lopp's, he decided possibly,
N&Da loppe: flea[A][SE]
415.31: for he is not on our
social list. Nor to Ba's berial nether, thon
(ant is a ‘social insect')[A]
Ba: Egyptian heart-soul Ulster
thon:that[A];
& god of the 11th hour [A] Cf.U14.1523[AI]
Prov 6:6: ‘Go to the ant, thou sluggard' [A]
*Ba: The soul, eternal and finally divine, preserved
in the mummy. Atherton says in Middle Egypt also the God of Sluggards
(FW415.32 sloghard)[TDP421]
415.32: sloghard, this oldeborre's
yaar ablong as there's a khul on a khat.
Da oldenborre: Heb yaar: as long as there's a tail on
a cat [A]
cockchafer[A][SE]
honeycomb[A]
L culus:
arse[CL]
I cul(kul):
back of the
head[GaeL]
In Egyptian theology ab:heart; khu;soul; khat:body [A]
415.33: Nefersenless, when
he had safely looked up his ovipository, he
nevertheless [A]
locked[A] repository
[A]
Nefer-sent:
Egyptian city[A]
L *ovipositor:eggplacer[CL]
G Fersen:
heels[GerL]
ovipositor:insect's egg-
Nefer-sent[Gaze]
laying structure[A]
*Nefersenless: Nefer-Tem: Budge Book of the Dead (I think
pages 370 and 595), the God addressed in the negative confession.
He is the lotus in the nostrils of Ra.[TDP421]
415.34: loftet hails and prayed:
May he me no voida water! Seekit Ha-
lifted hands[A]
Gr Menon avoid[A]
Sekhet Hetep:
Da lofte: raise[A];
Meno: Book of the Dead lxviii: Egyptian Elysian
promise, vow[SE]
Platonic ‘he voideth water'[A] Fields[A][Gaze]
dialogue on PS voda: water[A] L sicut habet:
on learning[CL]
just as he has[CL]
Cf. FW454.34.
415.35: tup! May no he me
tile pig shed on! Suckit Hotup! As broad as
Gr Menon: G teil:divide, pigshit on [A]
Sekhet Hetep
cf .415.34[CL] G Anteil: Gr pygidion:
share[GerL] little rump[CL]
415.36: Beppy's realm shall
flourish my reign shall flourish! As high as
Egypt: Pepi II[Gaze]
inscription on pyramid of Pepi II [A]: Budge's
Book of the Dead LXIII quotes the pyramid text of King Pepi: "If the name
of
{NUT or OSIRIS} flourisheth, the name of Pepi.... shall
flourish and this his pyramid flourish."[TDP210&421]
*Beppy: Fritz Senn: citizen of Basel; Swiss-German for
Father: also Italian nickname for Joseph or Hosepha..... Also FW499.04:
Bappy.[TDP210]
416
416.01: Heppy's hevn shall
flurrish my haine shall hurrish! Shall grow,
Hapi:Egyptian god[A] heaven
F haine: hatred[A] Hurrish the sweep: last man
Da havn: vengence[A]
U: Haines[A] flogged through streets of D [A]
Hapi[Gaze]
*Heppy: Hapi: dog-headed, one of the four Amentis, child
of Horus-- Budge says in a later text personification of the Nile.[TDC421];
Hep; Hapi; Heppis; See FW026.09&20-24, 443,10, 478.23, 479.32-33 and
480.18.[TDP424]
416.02: shall flourish! Shall
hurrish! Hummum.
Amen [A]
(humming insect) [A]
?Hammam[Gaze]
416.03: The Ondt
was a weltall fellow, raumybult and abelboobied,
G Weltall: G Raum:
space[A][GerL] ablebodied[A]
universe[A][GerL]
Du bult:hump, hill[A]
416.04: bynear saw altitudinous
wee a schelling in kopfers. He was sair
G beinah so... wie:almost as...as[A]
tall as a shilling in coppers[A]
G sehr[A][GerL]
Schellin [A][GerL] G Kopf:head Arab
tsartsur:
G Schelle:bell[GerL] [A][GerL]
cockroach[A]
416.05: sair sullemn and chairmanlooking
when he was not making spaces
Heb sol'am:locust[A] German looking[A]
G Spass machen:
s Sir, Sir Solomon[A] F charmant[A]
make jokes[A][GerL]
Germany[Gaze]
416.06: in his psyche, but,
laus ! when he wore making spaces on his ikey,
Psyche: genus of moths[A] G Laus: louse[A][GerL]
Gr eikon: image[A][CL]
Gr psyche: soul(Freud)[A] L laus: praise[A][CL]
Sl ikey:smart,artful[A]
his ikey: Gr psyche:
as above[CL]
416.07: he ware mouche mothst
secred and muravyingly wisechairman-
F mouche[A] moth sacred
R muravei:ant[A] Germany[Gaze]
secret
Moravia[Gaze]
416.08: looking. Now whim
the sillybilly of a Gracehoper had jingled
Du Wim:William[A]
416.09: through a jungle of
love and debts and jangled through a jumble
life & death[A]
s Liebestod (‘love-death,' in Tristan und Isolde III.3)
416.10: of life in doubts
afterworse, wetting with the bimblebeaks, drik-
afterwords[A] wedding[A]
bumblebees[A] Da drikke:
G wetten: to
I beach: bee[A] drink[A][SE]
bet[A][GerL]
416.11: king with nautonects,
bilking with durrydunglecks and horing
Notonecta: genus of aquatic, bilk:deceive[A] daddy-longlegs[A]
Da hor:
‘water-boatmen'[A]
derry down(song refrain) adultery[A]
L nauta: sailor[CL]
I Doire(diri) Oakwood; G horen:
Gr+L *autonex: suicide[CL]
N. city & co., anglic. listen[GerL]
L nectar:Gr nektar: drink,
Derry[GaeL][Gaze]
food of the gods[CL]
I Dun Leicne(dun lekni):
L necto: to tie, etc.[CL]
Fort of Flagstones; town,
Co. Carlow anglic. Dun-
leckny[GaeL][Gaze]
G Ungluck:misfortune[GerL]
G leck-:lick, leak[GerL]
416.12: after ladybirdies
(ichnehmon diagelegenaitoikon) he fell joust as
Sl ladybirds:lewd women[A] G ich nehme die Gelegenheit:
Gr oikon: felt just[A]
I assume the opprtunity[A][GerL] house[A][CL]
ichneumons: parasitic Gr diagelao: Gr aiteo: to
wasps[A];Gr Egyptian to laugh at, ask for, beg,
rat, destroys crocodiles' mock, deride demand[CL]
eggs[CL]
[CL] Gr aitios: cul-
pable;the cause
[CL]
416.13: sieck as a sexton
and tantoo pooveroo quant a churchprince, and
sick[A] sexton beetle[A] It tanto povero quanto: as poor as[A] ph as poor
as a church mouse[A]
G siech: infirm Satan[A] L tantus: of such size,
Kant[A]
[A][GerL]
so great in amount[CL]
L tanto: by how much,
by as much as[CL]
416.14: wheer the midges to
wend hemsylph or vosch to sirch for grub
himself[A] R vosh:louse[A] search[A] grub(larva)[A]
*sylph[A]
Li sirse: G vergrab-:
ModL sylphes
wasp[A] bury[GerL]
immortal, soul-
G grub:dug
less being of al-
[GerL]
chemy[CL]
L silvestris:
nymphs of
the woods[CL]
416.15: for his corapusse
or to find a hospes, alick, he wist gnit! Bruko
carapace[A]
hospice[A]
nits[A] Cz brouk:
L corpus:
L hospes:
Du wist niet: beetle[A]
body[CL]
he who
knew not[A] It bruco:
entertains
G wis nit(weiss caterpillar[A]
a stranger:
nicht):doesn't
host,etc[CL]
know[GerL]
416.16: dry! fuko spint! Sultamont
osa bare! And volomundo osi vide-
G drei: It fuco: spent[A] Sp saltamontes: R osa:wasp[A] (whole world also
empty) L vide:
three drone
grasshopper[A] R osi:wasps[A] L volo:1.I wish, L Osi:
see![CL]
[GerL] (insect)
L os, pl. ora: will; 2.I fly[CL] a
people
[A]
mouth,face[CL] L mundo:
of Ger-
L ossum, pl.ossa: I make
many[CL]
bone[CL]
clean[CL]
Da Ogsaa:also[SE] G Mund:
mouth[GerL]
416.17: vide! Nichtsnichtsundnichts!
Not one pickopeck of muscow-
G nichts und: nothing and[GerL] kopeck:Russian
coin[A] Moscow[Gaze]
Nixnixundnix[Gaze]
Musca: genus of flies[A]
L musca: a fly[CL]
416.18: money to bag a tittlebits
of beebread! Iomio! Iomio! Crick's
buy a little bits beebread:mixture
Io, chased by Zeus as gadfly
Titbits of honey & pollen[A]
when cow[A][CL]
‘Moscow gold' supposedly given to European socialists[A]
It Dio mio!: my God![A]
L io!: ho! hurra! look![CL]
Romeo & Juliet II.2.33:
‘Romeo, Romeo'[A]
416.19: corbicule, which a
plight! O moy Bog, he contrited with melan-
corbicula:structure Da Hvilken; Da hvilken: R o moi bog: O my God[A]
Melanchthon:
on bee's leg which (neuter) also mean
I mogh bog(ma bug): German theologian[A]
carries pollen [A] "which"[SE]
boggy plain[GaeL]
Gr *melanchthon:
L corbicula:
black earth[CL]
little basket[CL]
Gr *melanotholos:
L corviculus:
black mud[CL]
little raven[CL]
416.20: ctholy. Meblizzered,
him sluggered! I am heartily hungry!
sluggard(Prov 6.6)[A]
Sw slug:fly[A]
416.21: He had
eaten all the whilepaper, swallowed the lustres, de-
wallpaper[A]
G Luster:chandeliers[A][GerL]
while (time)[A]
*lustre: 5 years [lustral][A]
416.22: voured forty flights
of styearcases, chewed up all the mensas and
Sl flights of steps: thick year[A]
L mensa: table[A][CL]
slice of bread & butter[A]
months[A][CL]
Gr stear:suet,
lard[CL]
L sterus:dung[CL]
L caseus:cheese[CL]
416.23: seccles, ronged the
records, made mundballs of the ephemerids
F siecles:centuries[A]
mothballs[A] Ephemeridae:mayflies[A][CL]
L saecula: centuries,
G Mund:mouth[A][GerL] Gr ephemeris: day-book,
ages, lifetimes[CL]
mandibles:insect's diary account-book,
jaws[A]
journal[CL]
L mundus:leanliness;
toilette; the universe
[CL]
416.24: and vorasioused most
glutinously with the very timeplace in the
Li voras: spider[A]
gluttonously[A]
timepiece[A]
L gluten: glue[CL]
416.25: ternitary -- not too
dusty a cicada of neutriment for a chittinous
termitary: termites' nest[A] cicada: type
of arboreal G neu:new[GerL] chitinous:containing chitin,
*eternity[A]
bug with loud song[A]
ingredient in insect cuticle[A]
L terni: three each three[CL]
416.26: chip so mitey. But
when Chrysalmas was on the bare branches,
chap[A] mites[A]
Christmas[A] + chrysanthemums
so might he[A]
chrysalis[A][CL]
Gr chrysallis:
cockroach[CL]
Chrysomelidae:
a family of beetles[A]
416.27: off he went from Tingsomingenting.
He took a round stroll and
L mingo: to urinate[CL]
L ingens: vast[CL]
cf. FW414.34[SE]
Tingsomingenting[Gaze]
416.28: he took a stroll round
and he took a round strollagain till the
416.29: grillies in his head
and the leivnits in his hair made him thought
It aver
grilli in capo: to have a bee
live nits[A]
in one's
bonnet (lit. have crickets
Leibnitz[A]
in the
head) [A]
Gr gryllos;L
gryllus: grasshopper,
cricket
[CL]
G Grille:
cricket; whim, sad
thought[GerL]
416.30: he had the Tossmania.
Had he twicycled the sees of the deed
Tasmania[Gaze]
seas of the dead[A]
Da Tosse: fool[SE]
Dead Sea[Gaze]
Gr mania: madness[CL]
*‘Tasmania, he stands on his head to be really "antipodal"'[A]
*Tasmania; compare "van Demon's Land"(FW056.21).
416.31: and trestraversed
their revermer? Was he come to hevre with his
It tre:3[A]
It verme:grub, maggot[A]
heaven[A][Gaze]
Le Havre[A][Gaze]
F havre [A]
416.32: engiles or gone to
hull with the poop? The June snows was
angels[A] ‘To hell with the pope'(Protestant slogan)[A][AI]
engines[A]
Hull[A][Gaze] Uls. poop: pope[AI]
Hell[Gaze]
416.33: flocking in thuckflues
on the hegelstomes, millipeeds of it and
Da flue:fly[A][SE] hailstones[A] L
mille pedes: a
Hegel[A][GerL] thousand feet[CL]
G Hagel: hail[GerL]
416.34: myriopoods, and a
lugly whizzling tournedos, the Boraborayel-
myriapods[A]
*It Luglio:July tornado[A]
Bora:Adriatic wind[A]
Gr myrioi podes: *‘tournedos (we turn our back to the wind)'[A]
Bora Bora:one of the Society
ten thousand feet
Islands(Polynesia)[A][Gaze]
[CL]
*Aurora borealis : northwind
[A][CL][Gaze]
Port borboleta:butterfly[A]
Bora: mountain in Macedonia[CL]
L [Forum] Boarium: the cattle-
market in Rome[CL]
416.35: ]ers, blohablasting
tegolhuts up to tetties and ruching sleets off
R bloha:flea[A] Du tegel:tile[A][SE] tatters[A]
G rutschen:to slates[A]
*‘tilehats:tall hats'[A] ‘tetties It roofs slide[A][GerL]
G Tegel: bluish green also dial.
F ruche:
marl[GerL]
breasts'[A] beehive[A]
G Hut: hat[GerL]
G (Ge)ruch:
smell[GerL]
416.36: the coppeehouses,
playing ragnowrock rignewreck, with an irri-
coffeehouses[A]
ON Ragnarokr: Destruction of the Norse gods[A]
‘coppe=rooftiles(It. dial)' It ragno:spider[A]
*letter,26/3/28, to HSW Da Ragnarok[SE]
417
417.01: tant, penetrant, siphonopterous
spuk. Grausssssss! Opr!
Pulex irritans & Tunga
penetrans: Siphonaptera:fleas[A]G Spuk: G Graus:horror G Oper:
fleas [A]
Gr siphon:tube, pipe; ghost; grasshopper[A]
opera
mosquito[CL] uproar,
Gr graus: old [GerL]
Gr *siphonopteros: noise[A]; woman[CL]
(tube)-winged[CL] G spuck:
spit[GerL]
*The springing grouse and grasshopper are found
in the same image.[MR82]
417.02: Grausssssss! Opr!
see 417.01 D[CL] (chirping)[A]
417.03: The Gracehoper
who, though blind as batflea, yet knew, not
butterfly[A]
ph blind as a bat[A]
417.04: a leetle beetle, his
good smetterling of entymology asped niss-
little bit[A]
stattering[A] entomology[A][CL]
asked[A] G Nisse:
G Schmetterling: etymology[A][CL]
nit[A]
butterfly[A][GerL]
Maeterlinck[A]
417.05: unitimost lous nor
liceens but promptly tossed himself in the
neither leave nor licence[A]
It nessunissimo:
cf. "Ivy Day":
not a single one[A] shoneens[AI]
L unitas: oneness, unity[CL]
L *unissimus: onliest[CL]
417.06: vico, phthin and phthir,
on top of his buzzer, tezzily wondering
Vico[A] then & there[A]
dizzily[A]
(Abl.) by, Gr phthino: Gr phtheir:
with or to perish a louse[CL]
from a (021.18) [A]
village[CL] to decay[CL]
417.07: wheer would his aluck
alight or boss of both appease and the
417.08: next time he makes
the aquinatance of the Ondt after this they
acquaitance[A]
Aquinas[A]
L Aquinates:
inhabitants of
Auinium, town in
Latium, now Aquino
[St. Thomas's birth-
place][CL]
417.09: have met themselves,
these mouschical umsummables, it shall be
musical ensemble[A]
musichall[A] G umsummen:buzz around[A][GerL]
F mouche[A] Aquinas:Summa contra Gentiles[A]
417.10: motylucky if he will
beheld not a world of differents. Behailed
mighty lucky[A]
behold[A]
R motylek:butterfly[A]
417.11: His Gross the Ondt,
prostrandvorous upon his dhrone, in his
G gross:great
prostrate[A] R dvor:court[A]
throne(W.C.)[A]
[A][GerL]
R prostranstvo:space[A]
drone[A]
Grace[A]
L prostrandus: [one] to be over- I dron(dron):
upright;
thrown, to be subverted[CL]
I dronn(droun):
L *prostrandivorus: feeding on hump
on the back[GaeL]
those to be overthrown[CL]
417.12: Papylonian babooshkees,
smolking a spatial brunt of Hosana
L papilio:butterfly[A] pampooties[A] smoking
a special blend of Havana cigars[A]
Babylinian[A][Gaze] babochka:butterfly[A]
(space)[A] brand[A]
L papilio: butterfly, babouche:Turkish or
moth[CL]
Oriental slipper[A]
417.13: cigals, with unshrinkables
farfalling from his unthinkables,
F cigale:cicada[A] Wilde on fox hunters: ‘the unspeakable in full pursuit
of the uneatable'[A]
*‘unshrinkables=pyjamas'[A] It farfalla:butterfly[A]
G verfallen: to
disintegrate[A][GerL]
417.14: swarming of himself
in his sunnyroom, sated before his com-
‘Swarming of=Ger to
AI pron.
be enthusiastic over
seated[AI]
(i.e. himself)'[A]
417.15: fortumble phullupsuppy
of a plate o'monkynous and a confucion
philosophy[A]
plate of monkey nuts[A]
confession
full up[A]
Plato[A][CL] Gr nous: mind[CL] confusion
* ‘Nous rational intelligence of monasticism'[A] Confucius[A]
417.16: of minthe (for he
was a conformed aceticist and aristotaller), as
of mind "infusion de menthe"[A]
L acetum: vinegar[CL] Aristotle[A][CL]
Minthe: nymph turned into that
Gr aristos: best[CL]
plant by Proserpine[A]
Ants secrete formic and acetic acids for defence[A]
417.17: appi as a oneysucker
or a baskerboy on the Libido, with Floh
happy[A] honeysuckle[A]
L libido:desire[A][CL] L flos: blossom,
‘api=Ital. bee'[A]
*Lido[A][Gaze] flower[CL]
G Floh:flea[GerL]
417.18: biting his leg thigh
and Luse lugging his luff leg and Bieni bussing
right[A]
hugging[A] left[A]
Arch buss:kiss[A]
G Biene:bee[GerL]
417.19: him under his bonnet
and Vespatilla blowing cosy fond tutties
L *vespatilla:
Mozart: Cosi Fan Tutte [A]
little wasp[CL]
417.20: up the allabroad length
of the large of his smalls. As entomate
Gr entoma:insects[A][CL]
417.21: as intimate could
pinchably be. Emmet and demmet and be jiltses
possibly[A] emmet: ant[A]
damn it![A]
Jesus[A]
Robert Emmet
Japanese
417.22: crazed and be jadeses
whipt! schneezed the Gracehoper, aguepe
Christ[A] ‘By Jaysus wept'[A
sneezed
agape[A]
Sl jade:whore[A] G Schnee:snow[A][GerL]
F guepe:wasp[A]
Japanese
417.23: with ptchjelasys and
at his wittol's indts, what have eyeforsight!
jealousy[A]
ph at his wits' end[A] in debts G Eifersucht:jealousy[A][GerL]
R pchela:bee[A] wittol: a conniving
cuckold[A] Du wat heb ik voorzegd:
didn't I tell you [A]
417.24: The Ondt,
that true and perfect host, a spiter aspinne, was
spider G Spinne:spider[A][GerL]
417.25: making the greatest
spass a body could with his queens lace-
G Spass:joke[A][GerL]
(queen ant) lacewing
(in order Neuroptera)[A]
417.26: swinging for he was
spizzing all over him like thingsumanything
‘spizz=Ital. dialect=itch'[A]
Tingsomingenting[A][Gaze]
G spitzig:acute, sarcastic[GerL]
G spritzen:squirt[GerL]
417.27: in formicolation,
boundlessly blissfilled in an allallahbath of
formication:sensation of ants[A]
Allah[A]
fornication[A]
It formicolazione:tingling[A]
L formico: to crawl like an ant[CL]
L formicula: little ant[CL]
417.28: houris. He was ameising
himself hugely at crabround and mary-
houri: nymph of the amusing[A] amazing
Sp crabron:hornet[A] Sp mariposa:
Mohammedan paradise[A]
G Ameisen:ants[A][GerL]
butterfly[A]
G Meise: titmouse[GerL]
417.29: pose, chasing Floh
out of charity and tickling Luse, I hope too,
G Floh:flea[GerL]
Da Lus: lose[SE]
*Compare the association of "Floh" and "Luse" also in
FW414.25.
417.30: and tackling Bienie,
faith, as well, and jucking Vespatilla jukely
G Biene:bee[GerL]
G jucken:to itch[A][GerL] G jucke-:
R zhuk:beetle[A]
itch[GerL]
417.31: by the chimiche. Never
did Dorsan from Dunshanagan dance it
chemise[A] chimney[A] I dorsan:grasshopper[A][GaeL] I Dun Seangain:Ant's
Fort[A]
It cimice: bedbug[A]
[GaeL][Gaze]
Sp chinche: bedbug[A]
I seangan(shanegan): ant[GaeL]
417.32: with more devilry!
The veripatetic imago of the impossible
veritable image [A]
peripatetic[A] imago:adult insect[A]
Gr peripatetikos: L imago:imitation[A]
given to walking : copy; phantom;
about, esp. while image; echoe; imagi-
teaching or disput- nation; similitude[CL]
ing: Aristotle's
school of philosophy
L+Gr *veripatetikos:
true-walking[CL]
417.33: Gracehoper on his
odderkop in the myre, after his thrice ephe-
Da edderkop:spider[A][SE] Da myre:ant[A][SE]
Ephemeridae:
N odde:head[A]
mayflies[A]
*‘odderkop=other head'[G Kopf][A]
417.34: meral journeeys, sans
mantis ne shooshooe, featherweighed
Gr ephemera:
F journee:day[A] F sans hantisse ne chouchou:without feather weight
things that
security or sweetheart[A]
(jockeys, boxers)[A]
live but a
Gr mantis: diviner, prophet;
day; short-
kind of grasshopper (mantis
lived insects
religiosa, the praying mantis);
[CL]
green-garden-frog[CL]
Superstition that praying
mantis guides lost travellers[A]
In Egyptian Judgment of
Dead, dead person's heart is weighted against feather[A]
417.35: animule, actually
and presumptuably sinctifying chronic's de-
L animula: actual grace(temporary) & sanctifying
grace(permanent)[A]
a little soul;
L animulus:
darling[CL]
417.36: spair, was sufficiently
and probably coocoo much for his chorous
too much[A] L choros: dance;
*‘despair and presumption are sins against hope'[A]
body of dancers;
*letter,26/3/28, to HSW[A]
place for dancing
[CL]
418
418.01: of gravitates. Let
him be Artalone the Weeps with his parisites
force of gravity[A] Art
the Lone:son of Conn[A] G Wespe:
Paris[Gaze]
L gravitates: weights[A] I Art(art): Bear/Stone[GaeL]
wasp[GerL]
: severities; dignities, I Parthalon(paraon):
leader
importances, powers of prehistoric
*colonists[GaeL]
[CL] Ath Luain(alun): Luan's
("hero")
Ford; town on Shannon, anglic.
Athlone[GaeL]
Aridilaun[Gaze]
U05.304-7:
‘Lord Iveagh once cashed a sevenfigure cheque for a million in the bank
of Ireland.
Shows you the money
to be made out of porter. Still the other brother lord Ardilaun has to
change his shirt
four times a day, they say. Skin breeds lice or vermin.'[A]
418.02: peeling off him I'll
be Highfee the Crackasider. Flunkey Footle
Iveagh[Gaze]
s ‘Yankee Doodle
418.03: furloughed foul, writing
off his phoney, but Conte Carme makes
went to London, just to ride a pony'[A]
It conte:count[A] F Sl carme:money[A]
L compte: elegantly L carmen: tune, song;
[CL] poem[CL]
*One of Count John McCormick's bestselling records
was s Carme, Canto Sorrentino[A]
418.04: the melody that mints
the money. Ad majorem l.s.d.! Divi gloriam.
L Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam: For the Greater
Glory of God (Jesuit motto)[A][CL]
L Laus Deo Semper: Praise L dives:rich[A]
to God Forever(Jesuit slogan) Coll divi:divided[A]
[A][CL] L Divi: of God('s)[CL]
L.S.D.:pounds, shillings & pence [A]
418.05: A darkener of the
threshold. Haru? Orimis, capsizer of his ant-
ph darken one's threshhold[A] Haru=Horus[A] L
oremus:let
us pray[A][CL]
Osiris[A]
Ant:mythological fish in Egyptian Book of the Dead which pilots the Sun-god's
Ant-boat[A]
418.06: boat, sekketh rede
from Evil-it-is, lord of loaves in Amongded.
Sekhet Aaru(‘Field of Reeds'):
Amenta[Gaze]
part of Sekhet Hetep[A][Gaze]
among the dead
Book of the Dead CXXII: ‘"Evil is it" is the name of the rudder....
Let me... go in peace
into the beautiful Amentet... and let me adore Osiris, the Lord of life'[A]
418.07: Be it ! So be it !
Thou-who-thou-art, the fleet-as-spindhrift,
spindrift[A]
spendthrift[A]
418.08: impfang thee of mine
wideheight. Haru!
G empfang:welcomed, G meine Weisheit:
Hru: last word in Book of the Dead,
received[GerL] my wisdom[A][GerL]
meaning ‘day, into day, by day'[A]
G Empfang:welcome,
reception[GerL]
G impfen:vaccinate[GerL]
418.09: The thing
pleased him andt, and andt,
The thing pleaded him Don't, Ondt
418.10: He larved ond he larved
on he merd such a nauses
he laughed & he laughed & he made such a noise[A]
nauseating[A]
larvae[A]
F merde[A] L nausea:
L merda: dung, Gr nausia:
shit[CL] seasickness[CL]
G nosos: sickness,
disease[CL]
418.11: The Gracehoper feared
he would mixplace his fauces.
L fauces: throat,
gullet[CL]
418.12: I forgive you, grondt
Ondt, said the Gracehoper, weeping,
418.13: For their sukes of
the sakes you are safe in whose keeping.
Du suk:sigh[A]
housekeeping[A]
See FW191.11-12[AI]
418.14: Teach Floh and Luse
polkas, show Bienie where's sweet
L flos: flower, Smetana:Luisa's Polka[A]
G Biene:
blossom[CL]
bee[GerL]
G Floh:flea[GerL]
418.15: And be sure Vespatilla
fines fat ones to heat.
L *vespatilla:
little wasp[CL]
418.16: As I once played the
piper I must now pay the count
ph pay the piper[A]
Count McCormick[A]
418.17: So saida to Moyhammlet
and marhaba to your Mount!
pr If the
mountain will not come to Mohammed, Mohammed will go to the mountain[A]
Arab sabah el her: good morning![A] Abraham(anagram)[A]
Arab massyk bil her: good evening![A]
I Magh-Thamhleachta(ma houlokhte):
Plain of a Plague-grave[GaeL]
?Moy R(+Mohammed)[Gaze]
418.18: Let who likes lump
above so what flies be a full 'un;
418.19: I could not feel moregruggy
if this was prompollen.
groggy[A]
I primpeallian:beetle[A]
We morgrugyn:ant[A]
418.20: I pick up your reproof,
the horsegift of a friend,
pr Never look a gift horse in the mouth[A]
G Gift:poison[GerL]
418.21: For the prize of your
save is the price of my spend.
418.22: Can castwhores pulladeftkiss
if oldpollocks forsake 'em
Castor... Pollux[A] MGr Polydefkis: Pollux[A]
bollocks[A]
(Gemini:Zeus's Twins) Philadelphia[Gaze]
418.23: Or Culex feel etchy
if Pulex don't wake him?
L culex:gnat[A] itchy[A] L pulex: flea[A][CL]
F cul: arse[A]
418.24: A locus to loue, a
term it t'embarass,
locust[A] love[A] termite[A]
embrace[A]
L locus:
time[A]
a place,
spot[CL]
418.25: These twain are the
twins that tick Homo Vulgaris.
ticks: group L homo vulgaris:
of mites[A] ordinary man[A][CL]
418.26: Has Aquileone nort
winged to go syf
It aquilone: It leone:
wind to go South[A]
N. wind lion[A] North[Gaze]
South[Gaze]
L aquilonius:
northern[CL]
L aquilo: the
northewind[CL]
L Aquilonia: town in Italy, now Lacedogna[CL]
#Aquilant(=black) and his brother Gryphon(=white) in
Orlando Furioso[A]
418.27: Since the Gwyfyn we
were in his farrest drewbryf
griffin[A]
drawbridge[A]
We gwyfyn:moth[A]
We drewbryf:bug[A]
418.28: And that Accident
Man not beseeked where his story ends
(Wyndham Lewis:Time & Western
Man)[A] G besiegt:conquered
Occident[A]
[A][GerL]
G besucht: visited[GerL]
"Accident Man" is Occident Man, an
allusion to Time and Western Man by Wyndham Lewis,
a spatialist. Lewis also appears in Jone's fable
of the Mookse.[RG]
418.29: Since longsephyring
sighs sought heartseast for their orience?
long suffering[A]
hearts+East[Gaze] audience[A]
L zephyrs: a gentle[A]
ease[A] Far-East
Orient
west wind[CL]
418.30: We are Wastenot with
Want, precondamned, two and true,
pr Waste not, want not[A]
West[Gaze]
418.31: Till Nolans go volants
and Bruneyes come blue.
Nolan/Bruno[A] L volans:flying[A][CL]
L nolens volens:willy-nilly[A][CL]
I O Nuallain(o nulan): des. of Nuallan
(dim. nual, "noble")[GaeL]
418.32: Ere those gidflirts
now gadding you quit your mocks for my gropes
gadflies[A]
Mookse/Gripes[A]
girls: cf. FW292.06: "Spice and Westend Women"
418.33: An extense must impull,
an elapse must elopes,
extension(space)[A], elapsing(time)[A]
418.34: Of my tectucs takestock,
tinktact, and ail's weal;
tactics[A] G Taktstock:baton[A]
All's well[A]
L tectum:
a roof[CL]
418.35: As I view by your
farlook hale yourself to my heal.
419
419.01: Partiprise my thinwhins
whiles my blink points unbroken on
partipris: a preconceived opinion, prejudice[A]
(my look)[A]
419.02: Your whole's whercabroads
with Tout's trightyright token on.
work[A]
F tout[A]
L hircus: he-goat[CL]
419.03: My in risible universe
youdly haud find
‘Visible Universe' of you's hardly find[A]
Aristotle & Aquinas[A]
L haud:not at all[A][CL]
invisible[A]
L risus: laughter[A]
419.04: Sulch oxtrabeeforeness
meat soveal behind.
G solch:such
ox... beef...
meat... veal[A]
[A][GerL] extra
G mit[A] G so viel: so much[A][GerL]
G sowohl:as well as[GerL]
419.05: Your feats end enormous,
your volumes immense,
your feet are enormous[A]
419.06: (May the Graces I
hoped for sing your Ondtship song sense!),
G sind:are[A] ownership send some[A]
nonesense
419.07: Your genus its worldwide,
your spacest sublime!
genius
species[A]
419.08: But, Holy Saltmartin,
why can't you beat time?
St.Martin[A]
It saltmartino: pop. name of some hopping insects[A]
(the metre is that of Goldsmith's Retaliation)[A]
The Samaritans: An English charity organization
419.09: In the
name of the former and of the latter and of their holo-
‘In the name of the Father & of the Son & of the Holy Ghost, Amen'(blessing)[A]
419.10: caust. Allmen.
